(2)Describe the role of hepaticblood flow,drug proteinbinding,and intrinsic clearanceon hepatic clearance. (3)Describe the biotransformationof drugs in the liver and whichenzymatic processes areconsidered “phase I reactions”and“phase II reactions.” 2.教学重难点 Understanding the definition of drugDrug Elimination and Hepatic Clearance,factors affecting Drug Elimination, biotransformation pathway of drug in vivo. 3.教学内容 Route of drug administration and extrahepatic drug metabolism,hepatic clearance,extrahepatic metabolism,enzyme kinetics,anatomy and physiology of the liver,hepatic enzymes involved in the biotransformation of drugs,drug biotransformation reactions,pathways of drug biotransformation,biliary excretion of drugs,role of transporters on hepatic clearance and bioavailability. 4.教学方法 (1)Teaching method:Relevant concepts and theoretical framework,combined with typical drug examples. (2)Discussion method:Flipped classroom was encouraged. 5.教学评价 Take quick summary test,discuss with selected learning questions and frequently asked questions. 第十二章Physiologic Factors Related to Drug Absorption 1.教学目标 (1)Define passive,active drugabsorption,transcellular andparacellular drug absorption.(2) Describe the role of hepaticblood flow, drug proteinbinding, and intrinsic clearanceon hepatic clearance. (3) Describe the biotransformationof drugs in the liver and whichenzymatic processes areconsidered “phase I reactions”and “phase II reactions.” 2.教学重难点 Understanding the definition of drug Drug Elimination and Hepatic Clearance, factors affecting Drug Elimination, biotransformation pathway of drug in vivo. 3.教学内容 Route of drug administration and extrahepatic drug metabolism, hepatic clearance, extrahepatic metabolism, enzyme kinetics, anatomy and physiology of the liver, hepatic enzymes involved in the biotransformation of drugs, drug biotransformation reactions, pathways of drug biotransformation, biliary excretion of drugs, role of transporters on hepatic clearance and bioavailability. 4.教学方法 (1) Teaching method: Relevant concepts and theoretical framework, combined with typical drug examples. (2) Discussion method: Flipped classroom was encouraged. 5.教学评价 Take quick summary test, discuss with selected learning questions and frequently asked questions. 第十二章 Physiologic Factors Related to Drug Absorption 1.教学目标 (1) Define passive , active drugabsorption, transcellular andparacellular drug absorption