(2)Explain how Fisk's law ofdiffusion relates to passive drugabsorption. (3)Calculate the percent of drugnonionized and ionized fora weak acid or weak-basedrug using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation,andexplain how this may affect drugabsorption. (4)Describe the anatomy andphysiology of the GI tract andexplain how stomach emptyingtime and GI transit time canalter the rate and extent of drugabsorption. (5)Explain the effect of food ongastrointestinal physiology andsystemic drug absorption. (6)Describe the varioustransporters and how theyinfluence the pharmacokineticsof drug disposition in the GI tract (7)Explain the pH-partitionhypothesis and howgastrointestinal pH and the pKaof a drug may influence systemicdrug absorption.Describe howdrug absorption may be affectedby a disease that causes changesin intestinal blood flow and/ormotility. (8 )List the major factors thataffect drug absorption fromoral and non-oral routes of drugadministration. 2.教学重难点 Understanding the mechanisms of drug absorption,the anatomy and physiology drug absorption organs,the physicochemical and physiological factors influencing drug absorption,important equations to describe the absorption 3.教学内容 Drug absorption and design of a drug product,route of drug administration,nature of cell membranes, passage of drugs across cell membranes,drug interactions in the gastrointestinal tract,oral drug absorption,oral drug absorption during drug product development,methods for studying factors that affect drug absorption,effect of disease states on drug absorption,miscellaneous routes of drug administration.(2) Explain how Fisk's law ofdiffusion relates to passive drugabsorption. (3) Calculate the percent of drugnonionized and ionized fora weak acid or weak-basedrug using the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation, andexplain how this may affect drugabsorption. (4) Describe the anatomy andphysiology of the GI tract andexplain how stomach emptyingtime and GI transit time canalter the rate and extent of drugabsorption. (5) Explain the effect of food ongastrointestinal physiology andsystemic drug absorption. (6) Describe the varioustransporters and how theyinfluence the pharmacokineticsof drug disposition in the GI tract (7) Explain the pH-partitionhypothesis and howgastrointestinal pH and the pKaof a drug may influence systemicdrug absorption. Describe howdrug absorption may be affectedby a disease that causes changesin intestinal blood flow and/ormotility. (8 )List the major factors thataffect drug absorption fromoral and non-oral routes of drugadministration. 2.教学重难点 Understanding the mechanisms of drug absorption, the anatomy and physiology drug absorption organs, the physicochemical and physiological factors influencing drug absorption, important equations to describe the absorption. 3.教学内容 Drug absorption and design of a drug product, route of drug administration, nature of cell membranes, passage of drugs across cell membranes, drug interactions in the gastrointestinal tract, oral drug absorption, oral drug absorption during drug product development, methods for studying factors that affect drug absorption, effect of disease states on drug absorption, miscellaneous routes of drug administration