比较优势原理 The Principle of 贸易的好处 Benefits of trade Comparative Advantage ◆比较优势和机会成本差异是专业化生产 以及进行贸易的基础 贸易能使社会中的每一位成员获得好 Comparative advantage and differences in 处,因为贸易允许人们从事他们具有 opportunity costs are the basis for specialized 比较优势的专业生产。 production and trade. ◆无论什么时候,只要潜在的贸易伙伴存 Trade can benefit everyone in a 在机会成本的差异,他们都能从贸易中 society because it allows people to specialize in activities in which they Whenever potential trading parties have have a comparative advantage. differences in opportunity costs, they can each benefit from trade 亚当斯密与贸易 大卫李嘉图与贸易 Adam Smith and Trade David ricardo and trade 亚当斯密在1776年《国富论》一书中对贸易与 大卫李嘉图在1816年的《政治经济学 经济的相互依赖性做了详尽的分析经济学 家们至今对此仍深信不疑。 与税收》书中发展了我们今天所熟知 In his 1776 book An Inquin into the Nature and 的比较优势原则 Causes of the Wealth ofNations, Adam Smith In his 1816 book Principles of political performed a detailed analysis of trade and Econonmy and Taxation, David Ricardo economic interdependence, which economists developed the principle of comparative still adhere to today advantage as we know it today 绝对优势 绝对优势 Absolute Advantage Absolute Advantage ◆张顺仅需要0.8小时生产一斤鱼,而李遗却需要16小时 ◆描述一个人、一家公司或一个国家相对其他人、公 oduce a unit of ish, whereas Li Kui needs 1. 6 hours 司或国家的生产力。 ◆李生产一斤仅需要0.16小时,而张顺却需要0.32小 Describes the productivity of one person, firm, or nation compared to that of another. Li Kui needs only 0. 16 hour to produce a unit of ◆生产商在生产一种产品时的要素投入少,则他在生 firewood. whereas Zhang Shun needs 0.32 hours. 产该种产品时具有绝对优势 张顺生产鱼具有鹅对优势,李生产泉具有对优势 The producer that requires a smaller quantity of Zhang Shun has an absolute advantage in the inputs to produce a good is said to have an absolute production of fish, and Li Kui has an absolute advantage in producing that good. advantage in the production of firewood6 31 比较优势原理 The Principle of Comparative Advantage ‹比较优势和机会成本差异是专业化生产 以及进行贸易的基础。 Comparative advantage and differences in opportunity costs are the basis for specialized production and trade. ‹无论什么时候，只要潜在的贸易伙伴存 在机会成本的差异，他们都能从贸易中 获益。 Whenever potential trading parties have differences in opportunity costs, they can each benefit from trade. 32 贸易的好处 Benefits of Trade 贸易能使社会中的每一位成员获得好 处，因为贸易允许人们从事他们具有 比较优势的专业生产。 Trade can benefit everyone in a society because it allows people to specialize in activities in which they have a comparative advantage. 33 亚当•斯密与贸易 Adam Smith and Trade 亚当•斯密在1776年《国富论》一书中对贸易与 经济的相互依赖性做了详尽的分析——经济学 家们至今对此仍深信不疑。 In his 1776 book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith performed a detailed analysis of trade and economic interdependence, which economists still adhere to today. 34 大卫•李嘉图与贸易 David Ricardo and Trade 大卫•李嘉图在1816年的《政治经济学 与税收》书中发展了我们今天所熟知 的比较优势原则。 In his 1816 book Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, David Ricardo developed the principle of comparative advantage as we know it today. 35 绝对优势 Absolute Advantage ‹ 描述一个人、一家公司或一个国家相对其他人、公 司或国家的生产力。 Describes the productivity of one person, firm, or nation compared to that of another. ‹ 生产商在生产一种产品时的要素投入少，则他在生 产该种产品时具有绝对优势。 The producer that requires a smaller quantity of inputs to produce a good is said to have an absolute advantage in producing that good. 36 绝对优势 Absolute Advantage ‹ 张顺仅需要0.8小时生产一斤鱼，而李逵却需要1.6小时 Zhang Shun needs only 0.8 hours to produce a unit of fish, whereas Li Kui needs 1.6 hours. ‹ 李逵生产一斤柴仅需要0.16小时，而张顺却需要0.32小 时。 Li Kui needs only 0.16 hour to produce a unit of firewood, whereas Zhang Shun needs 0.32 hours. 张顺生产鱼具有绝对优势, 李逵生产柴具有绝对优势 Zhang Shun has an absolute advantage in the production of fish, and Li Kui has an absolute advantage in the production of firewood