目的 口亭翅日、直翅目和缨翅目的常见科和堂聚重受科的特征。 内容与方法 一、等日 主要包括图的有无，兵蚁的青陶背板的形状和长翅型繁殖蚁的前翅与后翅鳞的大小. (二)分科检索表 等翅日分科检索表 木白蚁 。头部有肉 .2 ,鼻白蚁科Rhi面 (有翻成蚁) 头部无肉 木白蚁科 有售 .2 2前翅碱大，与后翅锈重叠 白蚁科Rhinotermitidae ·白蚁科Termitidac 和代表种类 ,与头部宽度相同或宽于头部：前翅鳞大。盖住后鳞。常见种类：铲头珍白蚁Cryptoterme 图27白蚁头部示肉(fan》 有前板直不起于头前超大于后超并与后短直重种类台乳自Cpoo0S 有陶：前胸背核前部降起，是马装形，其宽度我于头部：前后违鳞大小相似，不重叠。重要种类：黑翅士白蚁Odom10 ermes 上包箱新市数。听器的有无及所在位置。前足后足的关，节式和产卵的形等。 《二)分科检索表 剑状或退化 :触角较租短，常短于体长，常少于30节：若具听器，则位于腹部第1节两侧：若具发音器，则由后足般节内侧与前翅或腹部摩擦发音：雄虫产卵 整状成迅化 ：经意是和中足轻节有听器对型：后足整节背面有内外：第和第调其 螽新科Tettigoniidae .3 4附式33 .附节式2-2-1或2-2. 角丝状：前震板在两前足有形、柱形或片状突起：翅上无西纹 ,斑制蝗科 Catantopidae 目 的 认识等翅目、直翅目和缨翅目的常见科和掌握重要科的特征。 材 料 家白蚁，土白蚁，黄翅大白蚁，蝗虫，菱蝗，蟋蟀，螽斯，蝼蛄，管蓟马，纹蓟马，蓟马，以及本次实验各科的示范标本。 内容与方法 一、等翅目 （一）分科特征 主要包括囱的有无，兵蚁的背胸背板的形状和长翅型繁殖蚁的前翅与后翅鳞的大小。 （二）分科检索表 等翅目分科检索表 （兵蚁） 1 头部无囱······························································································································ 木白蚁科 Kalotermitidae - 头部有囱 ····································································································································································· 2 2 前胸背板扁平，无前叶···································································································· 鼻白蚁科Rhinotermitidae - 前胸背板马鞍形，有前叶············································································································· 白蚁科Termitidae （有翅成蚁） 1 头部无囱······························································································································ 木白蚁科 Kalotermitidae - 头部有囱 ····································································································································································· 2 2 前翅鳞大，与后翅鳞重叠································································································ 鼻白蚁科Rhinotermitidae - 前翅鳞小，不与后翅鳞重叠········································································································· 白蚁科Termitidae （三）常见科的主要特征和代表种类 1．木白蚁科Kalotermitidae 缺囱；前胸背板扁平，与头部宽度相同或宽于头部；前翅鳞很大，盖住后翅鳞。常见种类：铲头堆砂白蚁Cryptotermes declivis Tsai et Chen。 图27 白蚁头部示囱（fan） 2．鼻白蚁科Rhinotermitidae 有囱；前胸背板平，前部不隆起，狭于头部；前翅鳞大于后翅鳞，并与后翅鳞重叠。重要种类：台湾乳白蚁Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki。 3．白蚁科Termitidae 有囱；前胸背板前部隆起，呈马鞍形，其宽度狭于头部；前后翅鳞大小相似，不重叠。重要种类：黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki)。 二、直翅目 （一）分科特征 主要包括触角的节数，听器的有无及所在位置，前足或后足的类型，跗节式和产卵器的形状等。 （二）分科检索表 直翅目分科检索表 1 触角细长，常长于体长；若短于体长，则触角30节以上；若具听器，则位于前足胫节基部；若具发音器，则位于前翅基部；雌虫产卵器矛状、 剑状或退化 ······················································································································································· 2 - 触角较粗短，常短于体长，常少于30节；若具听器，则位于腹部第1节两侧；若具发音器，则由后足股节内侧与前翅或腹部摩擦发音；雌虫产卵 器凿状或退化 ··················································································································································· 4 2 跗节4节；产卵器剑状；前足和中足胫节有背距，听器封闭型；后足胫节背面有内外端距；第1和第2跗节具侧沟 螽斯科Tettigoniidae - 跗节3节；产卵器矛状或退化 ································································································································· 3 3 前足开掘足；前足的基距源于腿节；前足的胫节有3～4个趾状突；后足步行足；产卵器退化 蝼蛄科Gryllotalpidae - 前足步行足；后足跳跃足；后足胫节背面两侧缘有距，距粗短光滑，缺刺，后足第1跗节背面有刺；产卵器矛状 蟋蟀科Gryllidae 4 跗节式3-3- 3······························································································································································· 5 - 跗节式2-2-1或2-2- 3················································································································································· 6 5 触角丝状；前胸腹板在两前足间有锥形、柱形或片状突起；翅上无斑纹·························································· ······················································································································································ 斑腿蝗科 Catantopidae