Preface The Ninth Edition of Fundamentals of Anatomy Physiology is a New System Integrator figures for each body system comprehensive textbook that fulfills the needs of todays stu- replace the"Systems in Perspective"figures from previous dents while addressing the concerns of their professors. This editions. These "build-a-body" figures reinforce the dition was shaped by the collaboration among three experi mechanisms of system integration by gradually increasing enced instructors, authors Ric Martini, Judi Nath, and Ed in complexity as each new system is examined Bartholomew. The Martini/Nath/Bartholomew team focused Easier-to-read tables have been redesigned and their attention on the question"How can we best make this in- simplified, and references to them within the narrative are ormation meanie ngful, manageable, and comprehensible? now in color to make them easier to find During the revision process, we drew upon our content knowl- updated Related Clinical Terms sections at the end of edge, research skills, artistic talents, and a collective 75 years of classroom experience to make this edition the best yet. each chapter have been revised to include the most current The broad changes to this edition are presented in the New relevant clinical terms and procedures o the ninth edition section below also below are the sec- Masteringa&p(www.masteringaandp.com)isanonline tions Terminology Changes in the Ninth Edition, Learning learning and assessment system designed to help Outcomes, and Chapter-by-Chapter Changes in the Ninth instructors teach more efficiently and proven to help Edition. A visual tour of the book follows in the remaining students learn. Instructors can assign homework from pages of the Preface proven media programs such as Practice Anatomy Lab (PAL ) Interactive Physiology., and A&P Flix"all organized by chapter-and have assignments automatically D New to the ninth edition raded. there are also abundant assessments from each chapters content, including Reading Quizzes. All In addition to the many technical changes in this edition, such ssessments are organized by the chapter Learning as updated statistics and anatomy and physiology descriptions, Outcomes. In the Mastering A&P Study Area, students can we have simplified the presentations to make the narrative eas- access a full suite of self-study tools, listed in detail at the ier to read. We have also focused on improving the integration very end of each textbook chapter of illustrations with the narrative. These are the key changes in Terminology Changes in the Ninth Easier narrative uses simpler, shorter, more active sentences and a quantifiably lower reading level to make Edition reading and studying easier for students We have revised terminology in selected cases to match the most . Spotlight" figures combine text and art to communicate key topics in visually effective single-page or two-page common usage in medical specialties. We used Terminologia Anatomica and Terminologia Histologica as our reference for presentations. anatomical and tissue terms. Furthermore, possessive forms of Improved text-art integration throughout the illustratio diseases are now used when the proposed alternative has not program enhances the readability of figures. Part captions en wI idely accepted, eg, Parkinson disease is now Parkinsons are now integrated into the figures so that the relevant text disease. In addition, several terms that were primary in the is located immediately next to each part of a figure Eighth Edition have become secondary terms in the Ninth Edi More visual clinical notes draw students'attention to tion. The changes, which affect virtually all of the chapters in the clinical information and scenarios they might encounter text, are detailed in the table on the following page. their future careersPreface The Ninth Edition of Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology is a comprehensive textbook that fulfills the needs of today’s stu￾dents while addressing the concerns of their professors. This edition was shaped by the collaboration among three experi￾enced instructors, authors Ric Martini, Judi Nath, and Ed Bartholomew. The Martini/Nath/Bartholomew team focused their attention on the question “How can we best make this in￾formation meaningful, manageable, and comprehensible?” During the revision process, we drew upon our content knowl￾edge, research skills, artistic talents, and a collective 75 years of classroom experience to make this edition the best yet. The broad changes to this edition are presented in the New to the Ninth Edition section below. Also below are the sec￾tions Terminology Changes in the Ninth Edition, Learning Outcomes, and Chapter-by-Chapter Changes in the Ninth Edition. A visual tour of the book follows in the remaining pages of the Preface. ◗ New to the Ninth Edition In addition to the many technical changes in this edition, such as updated statistics and anatomy and physiology descriptions, we have simplified the presentations to make the narrative eas￾ier to read. We have also focused on improving the integration of illustrations with the narrative. These are the key changes in this new edition: • Easier narrative uses simpler, shorter, more active sentences and a quantifiably lower reading level to make reading and studying easier for students. • “Spotlight” figures combine text and art to communicate key topics in visually effective single-page or two-page presentations. • Improved text-art integration throughout the illustration program enhances the readability of figures. Part captions are now integrated into the figures so that the relevant text is located immediately next to each part of a figure. • More visual Clinical Notes draw students’ attention to clinical information and scenarios they might encounter in their future careers. • New System Integrator figures for each body system replace the “Systems in Perspective” figures from previous editions. These “build-a-body” figures reinforce the mechanisms of system integration by gradually increasing in complexity as each new system is examined. • Easier-to-read tables have been redesigned and simplified, and references to them within the narrative are now in color to make them easier to find. • Updated Related Clinical Terms sections at the end of each chapter have been revised to include the most current relevant clinical terms and procedures. • MasteringA&P™ (www.masteringaandp.com) is an online learning and assessment system designed to help instructors teach more efficiently and proven to help students learn. Instructors can assign homework from proven media programs such as Practice Anatomy Lab™ (PAL™), Interactive Physiology®, and A&P Flix™—all organized by chapter—and have assignments automatically graded. There are also abundant assessments from each chapter’s content, including Reading Quizzes. All assessments are organized by the chapter Learning Outcomes. In the MasteringA&P Study Area, students can access a full suite of self-study tools, listed in detail at the very end of each textbook chapter. ◗ Terminology Changes in the Ninth Edition We have revised terminology in selected cases to match the most common usage in medical specialties. We used Terminologia Anatomica and Terminologia Histologica as our reference for anatomical and tissue terms. Furthermore, possessive forms of diseases are now used when the proposed alternative has not been widely accepted, e.g., Parkinson disease is now Parkinson’s disease. In addition, several terms that were primary in the Eighth Edition have become secondary terms in the Ninth Edi￾tion. The changes, which affect virtually all of the chapters in the text, are detailed in the table on the following page. v