1/26/2016 Rabies Pathology of rabies infection Initial symptoms:muscle spasms of the mouth and pharynx:hydrophobia encephalitis -Average incubation of 30 to 50 days Furious (classical)rabies:animals are restless,ther highly excitable Paralytic (dumb or numb)rabies:animals seem unaware of their surroundings:minimally excitable Rabies Rabies Diagnosed from bodily fluids with ·Global distribution the direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA)test In the United States,it occurs in bats Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) skunks,foxes,raccoons,and domestic vaccine plus immune globulin animals H diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) Negative DFA test -Rarely in squirrels,rabbits,rats,and mice abies immune globulin (RIG) 7000 to 8000 animal cases of rabies in the United States annually Very little effective treatment the One to six human cases in the United reported States annually 1/26/2016 9 Rabies • Initial symptoms: muscle spasms of the mouth and pharynx; hydrophobia • Virus multiplies in the skeletal muscles and travels through the PNS to the brain cells, causing encephalitis – Average incubation of 30 to 50 days – Post exposure vaccination will work due to long incubation time • Furious (classical) rabies: animals are restless, then highly excitable • Paralytic (dumb or numb) rabies: animals seem unaware of their surroundings; minimally excitable Pathology of rabies infection Rabies • Diagnosed from bodily fluids with the direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) test Positive DFA test ( ) • Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP): vaccine plus immune globulin – Human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) – Human rabies immune globulin (RIG) Negative DFA test • Very little effective treatment once the symptoms appear and only a handful of survivors are reported Rabies • Global distribution • In the Un In the Un ted States, t occurs n bats, ited States, it occurs in bats, skunks, foxes, raccoons, and domestic animals – Rarely in squirrels, rabbits, rats, and mice • 7000 to 8000 animal cases of rabies in the United States annually • One to six human cases in the United States annually