83.1.表示力学量的算符 5/99 常数A,即 Ou au 3.1-2) 则称A为算符O的本征值,u为属于A的本征函数 算符的运算 算符的运算:算符相等、算符之和、与复数相乘、算符之积 如:O1u=O2u,则:O1=O2 如:Ou=O1u+O2,则:O=O1+O2 如:On=A(O1n),则:0=1O1 如:On=01(O2),则:0=0102 其中u1,u2是任意函数,A是复常数; 算符相加满 足交换律、结合律:A+B=B+,(A+B+C=A+(B+ ● First●Prev●Next●Last● Go Back● Full Screen●cose●Quit• First • Prev • Next • Last • Go Back • Full Screen • Close • Quit §3.1. L«åÆþÎ 5/99 ~ê λ§= Oub = λu (3.1-2) K¡ λ Î Ob §u áu λ ¼ê© 2. Î$ Î$µÎ!ÎÚ!Eê¦!ÎÈ© XµOˆ 1u = Oˆ 2u§KµOˆ 1 = Oˆ 2 XµOuˆ = Oˆ 1u + Oˆ 2u§KµOˆ = Oˆ 1 + Oˆ 2 XµOuˆ = λ Oˆ 1u §KµOˆ = λOˆ 1 XµOuˆ = Oˆ 1 Oˆ 2u §KµOˆ = Oˆ 1Oˆ 2 Ù¥u1, u2 ´?¿¼ê§λ ´E~ê¶ Î\÷ vÆ!(ÜƵAˆ + Bˆ = Bˆ + Aˆ, Aˆ + Bˆ + Cˆ = Aˆ + Bˆ + Cˆ