夏洞奇:十五世纪以前的世界 7. That for him alone is it lawful. according to the needs of the time to make new laws to assemble together new congregations, to make an abbey of a canonry; and, on the other hand, to divide a rich bishopric and unite the poor ones That he alone may use the imperial insignia 9. That of the pope alone all princes shall kiss the feet. 0. That his name alone shall be spoken in the churches 11. That this is the only name in the world 12. That it may be permitted to him to depose emperors. 13. That he may be permitted to transfer bishops if need be 14. That he has power to ordain a clerk of any church he may wish 5. That he who is ordained by him may preside over another church, but may not hold a subordinate position; and that such a one may not receive a higher grade from any bishop 16. That no synod shall be called a general one without his order. That no chapter and no book shall be considered canonical without his authority 18. That a sentence passed by him may be retracted by no one, and that he himself, alone of all, may retract it. That he himself may be judged by no one. 20. That no one shall dare to condemn one who appeals to the apostolic chair. 21. That to the latter should be referred the more important cases of every church 22. That the Roman church has never erred; nor will it err to all eternity, the Scripture 23. That the Roman pontiff, if he have been canonically ordained, is undoubtedly made a holy fathers agreeing with him. As is contained in the decrees of St. Symmachus the pope. 24. That, by his command and consent, it may be lawful for subordinates to bring 25. That he may depose and reinstate bishops without assembling a synod 26. That he who is not at peace with the roman church shall not be considered catholic. 27. That he may absolve subjects from their fealty to wicked men translated in Ernest F. Henderson, Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages (London: George Bell and Sons, 1910), pp 366-367 客水客水客 孝水**水水客水客客*水*客水客**水*亦水*水* 14英诺森三世(1198-1216年在位) 最有名的中世纪教宗之一,被认为代表了教宗权威的巅峰。1215年,他召开 了第四次拉特兰大公会议,全面规范了教会的体制和礼仪。 他在担任教宗期间曾经干涉过神圣罗马帝国的皇位选举,调解过英法两国之 间的冲突,迫使英王约翰(“失土王”)向教宗称臣,还发动过第四次十字军 东征。 英诺森三世确实宣扬了教宗的权威,但仍然将教宗权威的本质理解为一种精 神权威,而不是世俗权威。他在理论上否定了教宗直接干预世俗事务本身的 权力,只是主张在两种情况下可以例外:关系到教皇国和教宗封臣的、直接 关系到教廷安危的世俗事务;会引起信仰和严重道德问题的世俗事务。在英夏洞奇：十五世纪以前的世界 7 7. That for him alone is it lawful, according to the needs of the time, to make new laws, to assemble together new congregations, to make an abbey of a canonry; and, on the other hand, to divide a rich bishopric and unite the poor ones. 8. That he alone may use the imperial insignia. 9. That of the pope alone all princes shall kiss the feet. 10. That his name alone shall be spoken in the churches. 11. That this is the only name in the world. 12. That it may be permitted to him to depose emperors. 13. That he may be permitted to transfer bishops if need be. 14. That he has power to ordain a clerk of any church he may wish. 15. That he who is ordained by him may preside over another church, but may not hold a subordinate position; and that such a one may not receive a higher grade from any bishop. 16. That no synod shall be called a general one without his order. 17. That no chapter and no book shall be considered canonical without his authority. 18. That a sentence passed by him may be retracted by no one; and that he himself, alone of all, may retract it. 19. That he himself may be judged by no one. 20. That no one shall dare to condemn one who appeals to the apostolic chair. 21. That to the latter should be referred the more important cases of every church. 22. That the Roman church has never erred; nor will it err to all eternity, the Scripture bearing witness. 23. That the Roman pontiff, if he have been canonically ordained, is undoubtedly made a saint by the merits of St. Peter; St. Ennodius, bishop of Pavia, bearing witness, and many holy fathers agreeing with him. As is contained in the decrees of St. Symmachus the pope. 24. That, by his command and consent, it may be lawful for subordinates to bring accusations. 25. That he may depose and reinstate bishops without assembling a synod. 26. That he who is not at peace with the Roman church shall not be considered catholic. 27. That he may absolve subjects from their fealty to wicked men. translated in Ernest F. Henderson, Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages, (London: George Bell and Sons, 1910), pp. 366-367. ************************************************************* 1.4 英诺森三世（1198-1216 年在位） 最有名的中世纪教宗之一，被认为代表了教宗权威的巅峰。1215 年，他召开 了第四次拉特兰大公会议，全面规范了教会的体制和礼仪。 他在担任教宗期间曾经干涉过神圣罗马帝国的皇位选举，调解过英法两国之 间的冲突，迫使英王约翰（“失土王”）向教宗称臣，还发动过第四次十字军 东征。 英诺森三世确实宣扬了教宗的权威，但仍然将教宗权威的本质理解为一种精 神权威，而不是世俗权威。他在理论上否定了教宗直接干预世俗事务本身的 权力，只是主张在两种情况下可以例外：关系到教皇国和教宗封臣的、直接 关系到教廷安危的世俗事务；会引起信仰和严重道德问题的世俗事务。在英