FULL CONTENTS 33. Eye movements MOTOR SYSTEMS RICHARD J. KRAUZLIS Eye Movements are Used to Stabilize Gaze or to Shift 28. Fundamentals of Motor Systems Gaze 775 STEN GRILLNER The Mechanics of Moving the Eyes 778 The Fundamental Circuits for Stabilizing Gaze 780 Basic Components of the Motor System 665 The Commands for Shifting gaze are formed in the Motor Programs Coordinate Basic Motor Patterns 667 Brain Stem 782 Roles of Different Parts of the Nervous System in the Gaze Shifts are Controlled by the Midbrain and Control of moy Forebrain 785 Conclusion 676 The Control of Gaze Shifts Involves Higher-Order References 676 Processes 788 The Control of Eye Movements Changes Over Time 790 29. The Spinal and Peripheral Motor System Conclusions 791 MARY KAY FLOETER AND GEORGE Z MENTIS References 792 Suggested Readings 792 Locomotion is a Cycle 677 Connecting the Spinal Cord to the Periphery 680 VI Spinal Interneuron Networks 686 REGULATORY SYSTEMS Descending Control of Spinal Circuits 693 Modulation 693 References 697 34. The Hypothalamus: An Overview of Suggested Readings 697 Regulatory systems J. PATRICK CARD, LARRY W. SWANSON, AND 30. Descending Control of movement ROBERT Y. MOORE MARC H SCHIEBER AND JAMES F. BAKER Historical Perspective 795 The Medial Postural System 699 Hypothalamic Cytoarchitecture 796 The Lateral Voluntary System 710 Functional Organization of the Hypothalamus 797 Effector Systems of the Hypothalamus are Hormonal and References 724 References 805 31. The basal ganglia Suggested readings 806 JONATHAN W MINK 35. Central Control of autonomic functions Basal Ganglia Anatomy 725 Organization of the Autonomic Signaling in basal ganglia 734 Nervous System The Effect of Basal Ganglia Damage on Movement 737 TERRY L POWLEY Fundamental Principles of Basal Ganglia Operation for Motor Control 742 Sympathetic Division: Organized to Mobilize the body for Basal Ganglia Participation in Nonmotor Activity 809 Functions 744 Parasympathetic Division: Organized for Energy References 749 Suggested Readings 750 The Enteric Division of the ans The Nerve net found in the Walls of Visceral Organs 816 32. Cerebellum Ans Pharmacology: Transmitter and Receptor MICHAEL D MAUK AND W. THOMAS THACH Coding 816 Autonomic coordination of homeostasis 819 Anatomy and Phylogenetic Development of the Hierarchically Organized ANS Circuits in the CNS 823 Cerebellum 751 Perspective: Future of the Autonomic Nervous Assessing Cerebellar Function 758 System 825 References 770 ummary and General Conclusions 827FULL CONTENTS xi V MOTOR SYSTEMS 28. Fundamentals of Motor Systems STEN GRILLNER Basic Components of the Motor System 665 Motor Programs Coordinate Basic Motor Patterns 667 Roles of Different Parts of the Nervous System in the Control of Movement 668 Conclusion 676 References 676 29. The Spinal and Peripheral Motor System MARY KAY FLOETER AND GEORGE Z. MENTIS Locomotion is a Cycle 677 Connecting the Spinal Cord to the Periphery 680 Spinal Interneuron Networks 686 Descending Control of Spinal Circuits 693 Sensory Modulation 693 References 697 Suggested Readings 697 30. Descending Control of Movement MARC H. SCHIEBER AND JAMES F. BAKER The Medial Postural System 699 The Lateral Voluntary System 710 Summary 723 References 724 31. The Basal Ganglia JONATHAN W. MINK Basal Ganglia Anatomy 725 Signaling in Basal Ganglia 734 The Effect of Basal Ganglia Damage on Movement 737 Fundamental Principles of Basal Ganglia Operation for Motor Control 742 Basal Ganglia Participation in Nonmotor Functions 744 References 749 Suggested Readings 750 32. Cerebellum MICHAEL D. MAUK AND W. THOMAS THACH Anatomy and Phylogenetic Development of the Cerebellum 751 Assessing Cerebellar Function 758 References 770 33. Eye Movements RICHARD J. KRAUZLIS Eye Movements are Used to Stabilize Gaze or to Shift Gaze 775 The Mechanics of Moving the Eyes 778 The Fundamental Circuits for Stabilizing Gaze 780 The Commands for Shifting Gaze are Formed in the Brain Stem 782 Gaze Shifts are Controlled by the Midbrain and Forebrain 785 The Control of Gaze Shifts Involves Higher-Order Processes 788 The Control of Eye Movements Changes Over Time 790 Conclusions 791 References 792 Suggested Readings 792 VI REGULATORY SYSTEMS 34. The Hypothalamus: An Overview of Regulatory Systems J. PATRICK CARD, LARRY W. SWANSON, AND ROBERT Y. MOORE Historical Perspective 795 Hypothalamic Cytoarchitecture 796 Functional Organization of the Hypothalamus 797 Effector Systems of the Hypothalamus are Hormonal and Synaptic 800 References 805 Suggested Readings 806 35. Central Control of Autonomic Functions: Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System TERRY L. POWLEY Sympathetic Division: Organized to Mobilize the Body for Activity 809 Parasympathetic Division: Organized for Energy Conservation 812 The Enteric Division of the ANS: The Nerve Net Found in the Walls of Visceral Organs 816 Ans Pharmacology: Transmitter and Receptor Coding 816 Autonomic Coordination of Homeostasis 819 Hierarchically Organized ANS Circuits in the CNS 823 Perspective: Future of the Autonomic Nervous System 825 Summary and General Conclusions 827