realizations c. Transitivity is simply the grammar of the clause in its ideational aspect. The transitivity system construes the world of experience into a manageable set of Process Types, including material, mental, relational, verbal, behavioral, and existential processes 2 The Interpersonal Function a Definition: The INTERPERSONAL FUNCTION embodies all uses of language to express ocial and personal relations. This includes the various ways the speaker enters a speech situation and performs a speech act. b. Interpersonal function is realized by MOOd and MODALITY Mood shows what role the speaker selects in the speech situation and what role he assigns to the addressee. Modality specifies if the speaker is expressing his judgment or making a prediction c. Mood is made up of two parts: the "Subject"and the"Finite element". The subject can be a noun, a noun phrase, or a clause. Finite elements are tense morphemes, auxiliary verbs and modal verbs that express tense or modality, and they are part of the verb phrase d. Residue refers to the rest of the clause. It has three functional elements the Predicator”,“ Complement”,and“ Adjunct': The usual order in an English clause is Predicator Complement A Adjunct e. According to Halliday, two basic speech roles are giving and taking; in nterpersonal communications, two kinds of the commodities exchanged are oods-&-services and information. When the two variables are taken together, they define the four primary speech functions of offer, command, statement and question a. Definition: The TEXTUAL FUNCTION refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a living passage different from a random list of sentences b. Coherence and Cohesion(The example and explicit explanation on the page of 3 15-316 c. The textual function can also highlight certain parts of the text 4 The inseparable relation among these three functions According to Halliday, a clause is the simultaneous realization of ideational, interpersonal and textual meanings. (The example and explicit explanation are on the page of 316) Here, we hould emphasize that a prerequisite to its effective operation under both ideational and interpersonal function what we have referred to as the textual function C. Cognitive grammar Cognitive grammar is a cognitive approach to language developed by Ronald Langacker which considers the basic units of language to be symbols or conventional pairings of a semantic structure with a phonological label. Grammar consists of constraints on how these units can be combined to generate larger phrases which are also a pairing of semantics and phonology. The semantic aspects are modeled as image schemas rather than propositions, and because of the tight binding with the label each can invoke the other. Langacker develops the central ideas of cognitive grammar in his seminal, two-volume Foundations of cognitive grammar, which became a major departure point for the emerging field of Cognitive Linguistics Like construction grammar(developed by Langacker's student Adele Goldberg), and unlike lany mainstream linguistic theories, cognitive grammar extends the notion of symbolic units to the grammar of languages. Langacker further assumes that linguistic structures are motivated by10 realizations. c. Transitivity is simply the grammar of the clause in its ideational aspect. The transitivity system construes the world of experience into a manageable set of Process Types, including material, mental, relational, verbal, behavioral, and existential processes. ② The Interpersonal Function a. Definition: The INTERPERSONAL FUNCTION embodies all uses of language to express social and personal relations. This includes the various ways the speaker enters a speech situation and performs a speech act. b. Interpersonal function is realized by MOOD and MODALITY.Mood shows what role the speaker selects in the speech situation and what role he assigns to the addressee. Modality specifies if the speaker is expressing his judgment or making a prediction. c. Mood is made up of two parts: the “Subject” and the “Finite element”. The subject can be a noun, a noun phrase, or a clause. Finite elements are tense morphemes, auxiliary verbs and modal verbs that express tense or modality, and they are part of the verb phrase. d. Residue refers to the rest of the clause. It has three functional elements: the “Predicator”, “Complement”, and “Adjunct”. The usual order in an English clause is “Predicator ^ Complement ^ Adjunct”. e. According to Halliday, two basic speech roles are giving and taking; in interpersonal communications, two kinds of the commodities exchanged are goods-&-services and information. When the two variables are taken together, they define the four primary speech functions of offer, command, statement and question. ③ The Textual Function a. Definition: The TEXTUAL FUNCTION refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a living passage different from a random list of sentences. b. Coherence and Cohesion (The example and explicit explanation on the page of 315-316). c. The textual function can also highlight certain parts of the text. ④ The inseparable relation among these three functions According to Halliday, a clause is the simultaneous realization of ideational, interpersonal, and textual meanings. (The example and explicit explanation are on the page of 316) Here, we should emphasize that a prerequisite to its effective operation under both ideational and interpersonal function what we have referred to as the textual function. C. Cognitive grammar Cognitive grammar is a cognitive approach to language developed by Ronald Langacker, which considers the basic units of language to be symbols or conventional pairings of a semantic structure with a phonological label. Grammar consists of constraints on how these units can be combined to generate larger phrases which are also a pairing of semantics and phonology. The semantic aspects are modeled as image schemas rather than propositions, and because of the tight binding with the label, each can invoke the other. Langacker develops the central ideas of cognitive grammar in his seminal, two-volume Foundations of cognitive grammar, which became a major departure point for the emerging field of Cognitive Linguistics. Like construction grammar (developed by Langacker's student Adele Goldberg), and unlike many mainstream linguistic theories, cognitive grammar extends the notion of symbolic units to the grammar of languages. Langacker further assumes that linguistic structures are motivated by