258 A.R. Boccaccini, 1. Zhitomirsky/ Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 6(2002)251-260 both fundamental aspects of the EPD process as well as applications [18 Ishihara T, Shimose K, Kudo T, Nishiguchi H, Akbay T, Takita Y. Preparation of yttria-stabilised zirconia thin films on strontium- [*3] Van der Biest O, Vandeperre LJ. Electrophoretic deposition of oped LaMnO3 cathode substrates via electrophoretic deposition for materials. Annu Rey Mater Sci 1999- 29- 327-52. Another com- id oxide fuel cells. J Am Ceram Soc 2000: 83- 1921-7 rehensive review on EPD, focusing on applications, mechanisms [19 Zhitomirsky I, Petric A. Electrophoretic deposition of ceramic and kinetics of the process aterials for fuel cell applications. J Eur Ceram Soc 2000 20: 2055- [+4] Therese GHA, Kamath PV. Electrochemical synthesis of metal xides and hydroxides. Chem Mater 2000, 12: 1195-204, Develop- [20 Wang Z, Shemilt J, Xiao P. Novel fabrication technique for the ments in electrolytic deposition before 2000 production of ceramic/ceramic and metal/ ceramic composite coat 5] Solomentsev Y, Guelcher SA, Bevan M, Anderson JL. Aggregation ngs. Scripta Mater 2000: 42: 653-9 dynamics for two particles during electrophoretic deposition under [21 Shrestha NK, Sakurada K, Masuko M, Saji T. Composite coatings steady fields. Langmuir 2000: 16: 9208-16, The authors develop of nickel and separation between two deposited particles during EPDy of Coatings 2001: 140: 175-81. A combination of EPD and ELD techniques is developed to produce wear resistant BN and Al2 O, [6]Sides PJ. Electrodynamically particle aggregation on an electrode reinforced Ni matrix coatings on iron substrates driven by an alternating electric field normal to it. [22] Wang Z, Shemilt J, Xiao P. Fabrication of ceramic composite 2001: 17: 5791-800, A model for the velocity due coatings using electrophoretic deposition, reaction bonding and low trohydrodynamic flow of electrolyte in the vicinity of a temperature sintering. J Eur Ceram Soc 2002: 22: 183-9, Novel sphere near an electrode. rocessing techniques based on EPD and ceramic reaction bonding [7 Guelcher SA, Solomentsev Y, Anderson JL. Aggregation of pairs of are presented, which lead to low-temperature densification of particles on electrodes during electrophoretic deposition. Powder ceramic composite coatings on metal substrates. Technol 2000, 110: 90-7, Experimental verification of the electro- [23] Lessing PA, Erickson Aw, Kunerth DC. Electrophoretic deposition kinetic (electroosmotic)model for the aggregation of particles on an (EPD) applied to reaction joining of silicon carbide and silicon nitride ceramics. J Mater Sci 2000: 35: 2913-25, EPD is used to [8] Perez AT, Saville D, Soria C. Modeling the electrophoretic apply ceramic interlayers for reaction joining silicon carbide and tion of colloidal particles. Europhys Lett 2001: 55: 425-31 silicon nitride ceramic parts cal simulations of the buildup of a layer of colloidal particles on an [24 Zhang J, Lee Bl. Electrophoretic deposition and characterisation of electrode micrometer-scale BaTio, based X7R dielectric thick films. J Am f9 Greil P, Cordelair J, Bezold A. Discrete element simulation Ceram Soc 2000: 83: 2417-2 ceramic powder processing. Z Metallk 2001; 92: 682-9, Presents [ 25] Hossein-Babaei F, Taghibakhsh F. Electrophoretically deposited numerical simulation of the EPD proces zinc oxide thick film gas sensor. Electron Lett 2000: 36: 1815-6 [*10 Sarkar P, De D, Yamashita K, Nicholson PS, Umegaki T Mimicking [26 Peng ZY, Liu ML. Preparation of dense platinum-yttria stabilised manometer atomic processes on a micrometer scale via electro- zirconia and yttria stabilised zirco deposition. J Am Ceram Soc 2000, 83: 1399-401, The La, gSr,, MnO, (LSM) substrates. J Am Ceram Soc 2001; 84: 283-8 f nucleation and growth of a silica monolayer during EPD [27] Ngo E, Joshi PC, Cole MW, Hubbard CW. Electrophoretic deposi- compared with that of atomic film growth via molecular-beam ion of pure and MgO-modified Ba.sSro4TiO, thick films for epitaxy. Striking similarities between both processes are found tunable microwave devices. Appl Phys Lett 2001: 79: 248-50 [11] Ferrari B, Farinas JC, Moreno R. Determination and control of [28]Kanamura K, Goto A, Rho YO, Umegaki T. Electrophoretic fabrication of LiCoO, positive electrodes for rechargeable lithium phoretic deposition. J Am Ceram Soc 2001: 84: 733-9, Galvanic batteries. J Power Sources 2001: 97-98: 294-7 reactions in electrodes during EPD from aqueous suspensions ar [ Jeon BS, Hong KY, Yoo JS, Whang Kw. Studies in the phosphor investigated reen prepared by electrophoretic deposition for plasma displa [12 Zhitomirsky I, Petric A. The electrode of ceramic and nel applications. J Electrochem Soc 2000; 147: 4356-62 rganoceramic films for fuel cells. JOM: The member journal of The [30] Hamagami J, Nakajima T, Kanamura K, Umegaki T. Electrophoretic fabrication and photocatalytic performance of TiO, /fluorocarbon polymer composite films. Key Eng Mater 2002: 216: 53- 31] Ferrari B, Moreno R, Sarkar P, Nicholson PS. Electrophoretic lectrochem Soc 2000, 147: 1682-7, Excellent summary on the deposition of Mgo from organic suspensions. J Eur Ceram Soc application of EPD to SOFC materials, focusing on small tubular 2000,20:99-10 cathode substrates and cathode/electrolyte/anode multila 32 Hossein-Babaei F, Raissidehkordi B. Electrophoretic deposition of [14 Chen F, Liu M. Preparati ttria-stabilised zirconia(YSZ)films Ago thick films from an acetone suspension. J Eur Ceram Soc on Lao.gs Sros MnO,(LSM) and LSM-YSZ substrates using an 200020:2165-8 electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. J Eur Ceram So 33] Kawachi M, Sato N, Suzuki E, Ogawa S, Noto K, Yoshizawa M. 2001;21:127-34 Fabrication of YBa, Cu, Os films by electrophoretic depositio [15 Matthews T, Rabu N, Sellar JR, Muddle BC technique. Physica C 2001- 357-360: 1023-6 a, -Sr, Ga,-,Mg, O, -fs +r/ thin films by electroph 1*34 Ochsenkuehn-Petropoulou M, Argyropoulou R, Tarantilis P, Vottea I, tion and its conductivity measurement. Solid Dchsenkuehn KM. Parissakis G. Large area YBaCuO and BScco 000,128:111-5 coatings produced on different substrates by an electrophoretic [16] Will J, Hrushka MKM, Gubler L, Gauckler LJ. Electrophoretic deposition technique. J Mater Proc Technol 2001: 108: 179-8 deposition of zirconia and porous anodic substrates. J Am Ceram 35] De Sena LA, De Andrade MC, Rossi AM, Soares GD. Hydroxy Soc2001;84:328-32. apatite deposition by electrophoresis on titanium sheets with differ- [17 Basu RN, Randall CA, Mayo M. Fabrication of dense zirconia ent surface finishing. J Biomed Mater Res 2002: 60: 1-7. electrolyte films for tubular solid oxide fuel cells by electrophoretic 36 Nie X, Leyland A, Matthews A, Jiang JC, Meletis El. Effects of deposition. J Am Ceram Soc 2001; 84: 33-40, The authors present a olution pH and electrical parameters on hydroxyapatite coatings novel approach for obtaining high-density, adherent zirconia films posited by a plasma-assisted electrophoresis technique. J Biomed on porous, doped lanthanum manganite cathode tubes which in- Mater res2001;57:612-8 volves using a thin fugitive carbon interphase 37 Boccaccini AR, Krueger HG, Schindler U. Ceramic coatings258 A.R. Boccaccini, I. Zhitomirsky / Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 6 (2002) 251–260 both fundamental aspects of the EPD process as well as applications [18] Ishihara T, Shimose K, Kudo T, Nishiguchi H, Akbay T, Takita Y. to ceramic technology. Preparation of yttria-stabilised zirconia thin films on strontium- [**3] Van der Biest O, Vandeperre LJ. Electrophoretic deposition of doped LaMnO3 cathode substrates via electrophoretic deposition for materials. Annu Rev Mater Sci 1999;29:327–52, Another com- solid oxide fuel cells. J Am Ceram Soc 2000;83:1921–7. prehensive review on EPD, focusing on applications, mechanisms [19] Zhitomirsky I, Petric A. Electrophoretic deposition of ceramic and kinetics of the process. materials for fuel cell applications. J Eur Ceram Soc 2000;20:2055– [**4] Therese GHA, Kamath PV. Electrochemical synthesis of metal 61. oxides and hydroxides. Chem Mater 2000;12:1195–204, Develop- [20] Wang Z, Shemilt J, Xiao P. Novel fabrication technique for the ments in electrolytic deposition before 2000. production of ceramic/ceramic and metal/ceramic composite coat- [5] Solomentsev Y, Guelcher SA, Bevan M, Anderson JL. Aggregation ings. Scripta Mater 2000;42:653–9. dynamics for two particles during electrophoretic deposition under [*21] Shrestha NK, Sakurada K, Masuko M, Saji T. Composite coatings steady fields. Langmuir 2000;16:9208–16, The authors develop a of nickel and ceramic particles prepared in two steps. Surface mathematical model for the time evolution of the probability of Coatings 2001;140:175–81, A combination of EPD and ELD separation between two deposited particles during EPD. techniques is developed to produce wear resistant BN and Al O2 3 [6] Sides PJ. Electrodynamically particle aggregation on an electrode reinforced Ni matrix coatings on iron substrates. driven by an alternating electric field normal to it. Langmuir [*22] Wang Z, Shemilt J, Xiao P. Fabrication of ceramic composite 2001;17:5791–800, A model for the velocity due to elec- coatings using electrophoretic deposition, reaction bonding and low trohydrodynamic flow of electrolyte in the vicinity of a dielectric temperature sintering. J Eur Ceram Soc 2002;22:183–9, Novel sphere near an electrode. processing techniques based on EPD and ceramic reaction bonding [7] Guelcher SA, Solomentsev Y, Anderson JL. Aggregation of pairs of are presented, which lead to low-temperature densification of particles on electrodes during electrophoretic deposition. Powder ceramic composite coatings on metal substrates. Technol 2000;110:90–7, Experimental verification of the electro- [*23] Lessing PA, Erickson AW, Kunerth DC. Electrophoretic deposition kinetic (electroosmotic) model for the aggregation of particles on an (EPD) applied to reaction joining of silicon carbide and silicon electrode. nitride ceramics. J Mater Sci 2000;35:2913–25, EPD is used to [8] Perez AT, Saville D, Soria C. Modeling the electrophoretic deposi- apply ceramic interlayers for reaction joining silicon carbide and tion of colloidal particles. Europhys Lett 2001;55:425–31, Numeri- silicon nitride ceramic parts. cal simulations of the buildup of a layer of colloidal particles on an [24] Zhang J, Lee BI. Electrophoretic deposition and characterisation of electrode. micrometer-scale BaTiO based X7R dielectric thick films. J Am 3 [*9] Greil P, Cordelair J, Bezold A. Discrete element simulation of Ceram Soc 2000;83:2417–22. ceramic powder processing. Z Metallk 2001;92:682–9, Presents a [25] Hossein-Babaei F, Taghibakhsh F. Electrophoretically deposited numerical simulation of the EPD process. zinc oxide thick film gas sensor. Electron Lett 2000;36:1815–6. [**10] Sarkar P, De D, Yamashita K, Nicholson PS, Umegaki T. Mimicking [26] Peng ZY, Liu ML. Preparation of dense platinum-yttria stabilised nanometer atomic processes on a micrometer scale via electro- zirconia and yttria stabilised zirconia films on porous phoretic deposition. J Am Ceram Soc 2000;83:1399–401, The La Sr MnO (LSM) substrates. J Am Ceram Soc 2001;84:283–8. 0.9 0.1 3 process of nucleation and growth of a silica monolayer during EPD [27] Ngo E, Joshi PC, Cole MW, Hubbard CW. Electrophoretic deposi￾is compared with that of atomic film growth via molecular-beam tion of pure and MgO-modified Ba Sr TiO thick films for 0.6 0.4 3 epitaxy. Striking similarities between both processes are found. tunable microwave devices. Appl Phys Lett 2001;79:248–50. [11] Ferrari B, Farinas JC, Moreno R. Determination and control of [28] Kanamura K, Goto A, Rho YO, Umegaki T. Electrophoretic metallic impurities in alumina deposits obtained by aqueous electro- fabrication of LiCoO positive electrodes for rechargeable lithium 2 phoretic deposition. J Am Ceram Soc 2001;84:733–9, Galvanic batteries. J Power Sources 2001;97–98:294–7. reactions in electrodes during EPD from aqueous suspensions are [29] Jeon BS, Hong KY, Yoo JS, Whang KW. Studies in the phosphor investigated. screen prepared by electrophoretic deposition for plasma display [12] Zhitomirsky I, Petric A. The electrodeposition of ceramic and panel applications. J Electrochem Soc 2000;147:4356–62. organoceramic films for fuel cells. JOM: The member journal of The [30] Hamagami J, Nakajima T, Kanamura K, Umegaki T. Electrophoretic Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2001;53:48–50. fabrication and photocatalytic performance of TiO /fluorocarbon 2 [**13] Negishi H, Sakai N, Yamaji K, Horita T, Yokokawa H. Application polymer composite films. Key Eng Mater 2002;216:53–6. of electrophoretic deposition technique to solid oxide fuel cells. J [31] Ferrari B, Moreno R, Sarkar P, Nicholson PS. Electrophoretic Electrochem Soc 2000;147:1682–7, Excellent summary on the deposition of MgO from organic suspensions. J Eur Ceram Soc application of EPD to SOFC materials, focusing on small tubular 2000;20:99–106. cathode substrates and cathode/electrolyte/anode multilayers. [32] Hossein-Babaei F, Raissidehkordi B. Electrophoretic deposition of [14] Chen F, Liu M. Preparation of yttria-stabilised zirconia (YSZ) films MgO thick films from an acetone suspension. J Eur Ceram Soc on La Sr MnO (LSM) and LSM-YSZ substrates using an 2000;20:2165–8. 0.85 0.15 3 electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. J Eur Ceram Soc [33] Kawachi M, Sato N, Suzuki E, Ogawa S, Noto K, Yoshizawa M. 2001;21:127–34. Fabrication of YBa Cu O films by electrophoretic deposition 2 48 [15] Matthews T, Rabu N, Sellar JR, Muddle BC. Fabrication of technique. Physica C 2001;357–360:1023–6. La Sr Ga Mg O thin films by electrophoretic deposi- [**34] Ochsenkuehn-Petropoulou M, Argyropoulou R, Tarantilis P,Vottea I, 12x x 12y y 32(x1y)/2 tion and its conductivity measurement. Solid State Ionics Ochsenkuehn KM, Parissakis G. Large area YBaCuO and BSCCO 2000;128:111–5. coatings produced on different substrates by an electrophoretic [16] Will J, Hrushka MKM, Gubler L, Gauckler LJ. Electrophoretic deposition technique. J Mater Proc Technol 2001;108:179–84. deposition of zirconia and porous anodic substrates. J Am Ceram [35] De Sena LA, De Andrade MC, Rossi AM, Soares GD. Hydroxy￾Soc 2001;84:328–32. apatite deposition by electrophoresis on titanium sheets with differ- [*17] Basu RN, Randall CA, Mayo MJ. Fabrication of dense zirconia ent surface finishing. J Biomed Mater Res 2002;60:1–7. electrolyte films for tubular solid oxide fuel cells by electrophoretic [36] Nie X, Leyland A, Matthews A, Jiang JC, Meletis EI. Effects of deposition. J Am Ceram Soc 2001;84:33–40, The authors present a solution pH and electrical parameters on hydroxyapatite coatings novel approach for obtaining high-density, adherent zirconia films deposited by a plasma-assisted electrophoresis technique. J Biomed on porous, doped lanthanum manganite cathode tubes which in- Mater Res 2001;57:612–8. volves using a thin fugitive carbon interphase. [37] Boccaccini AR, Krueger HG, Schindler U. Ceramic coatings on