Monsoon dynamics: GCM results on Orography - Thermal heating vs.Mechanical forcing (1) Upper level T,lower level entropy,precipitation Standard Orography Upper-level temperature (K) Low-level entrapy [K) Precipitation (m dt)wind im s 300 1441414154144444源源饭 煲3饭5454第0004301150 No Orography 44414141441441444源防饭 Surface elevations north of Himalayas set to zero 414614443444444饭 源366444403035 (from Boos et al,2010,nature) 100 150 100 100 14 Longitude(degrees) Longitude fdegrees授课教师：张洋 14 Monsoon dynamics: - GCM results on Orography n Thermal heating vs. Mechanical forcing (I) (from Boos et al, 2010, nature) Standard Orography No Orography Surface elevations north of Himalayas set to zero Upper level T, lower level entropy, precipitation