Predisposing Psycho Concurrent Brain-gut factors Physiological modifiers dysregulation triggers Stress-response Chronic neuromodulation threat prolonged effortful Personality, emotional early coping Support, age, gender, lift Sleep dysfunction Life event stress, Food allergens Genetic Altered bowel flora Environment Enteric Infection/ Inflammation/ toxins Post-infective neuromodulationPredisposing factors Psycho￾Physiological triggers Concurrent modifiers Brain-gut dysregulation Early life Genetic Environment Chronic threat & prolonged effortful coping Enteric Infection/ Inflammation/ toxins ↓ Stress-response neuromodulation Post-infective neuromodulation Personality, emotional Support, age, gender, Sleep dysfunction Life event stress, Food allergens, Altered bowel flora ↑