>1997: Meszaros Rees predicted light curves of afterglows >1998: Sari, Piran narayan established standard afterglow model; Vietri& Stella proposed the supranova model; Paczynski proposed the hypernova model; Dai& lu and rees meszaros proposed energy injection modelss Dai& Lu and meszaroset al proposed the wind model; Wei Lu discussed the IC scattering in afterglows >1999: Rhoads and sariet al proposed the jet model Sari& Piran explained the optical flash from GRB 990123 Dai&Lupr。 posed dense environments—GMC; Huanget al. established the genericdynamic model; MacFadyenet al numerically simulated the collapsar model Derishevet al proposed the neutron effect in afterglows >2000: some correlations were found, e. g, Fenimoreet al and norris et al., Kumar& Panaitescu proposed the curvature effect in afterglows➢ 1997: Meszaros & Rees predicted light curves of afterglows ➢ 1998: Sari,Piran & Narayan established standard afterglow model; Vietri & Stella proposed the supranova model; Paczynski proposed the hypernova model; Dai & Lu and Rees & Meszaros proposed energy injection models; Dai & Lu and Meszaros et al. proposed the wind model; Wei & Lu discussed the IC scattering in afterglows； ➢ 1999: Rhoads and Sari et al. proposed the jet model; Sari & Piran explained the optical flash from GRB 990123; Dai & Lu proposed dense environments —— GMC； Huang et al. established the generic dynamic model; MacFadyen et al. numerically simulated the collapsar model; Derishev et al. proposed the neutron effect in afterglows ➢ 2000: some correlations were found, e.g., Fenimore et al. and Norris et al. ；Kumar & Panaitescu proposed the curvature effect in afterglows