Early successional Late successional species: species:pioneer climax communities communities High growth rate Slower growth rate Small size Larger size Wide dispersal Lower rates of dispersal ·Fast population Lower rates of colonization growth 。 Longer lives4 Early successional species: pioneer communities • High growth rate • Small size • Wide dispersal • Fast population growth Late successional species: climax communities • Slower growth rate • Larger size • Lower rates of dispersal • Lower rates of colonization • Longer lives