Research on the International Space Station Prof Dava Newman for Dr. Arnauld E. Nicogossian, MD Associate Administra NASA Office of Life Microgravity Sciences& Applications eptember 2000 Why Space Station? EmErse Station is an international cooperative research platform To Provide

Thematic Analysis: Outside Communications Receive Replacement Personnel or Visitors Receive Information F rom Outside Receive Mail or Fax From Friends or Family I Write, Fax, or Telephone t o Friends or Family

Principal Aim To assess the strength changes, and associated change in fracture risk, due to structural alterations in the proximal femora of astronauts experiencing long￾term weightlessness

Summary Summary - Bones

Notes on Bones Notes on Bones

Skeletal Consequences of Spaceflight Background Early flights: very little idea of physiological changes to expect -big concerns: respiration, cardiovascular -bone probably wasn't a serious consideration What has been learned in the past 37 years of human spaceflight?

Physiological System Neurovestibular System Fluids and Electrolytes Cardiovascular System Clinical

Early Ideas about Muscular Contraction Hippocrates thought that the tendons caused the body to move (he confused tendons with nerves, and in fact used the same word, neuron, for both)

Musculoskeletal Dynamics Grant Schaffner

1. In shortening, the relationship between the Force and Velocity is (Hill's Curve - know this!!): (T+a)(v+b) = (T0+a)b Hyperbolic Form