Customary international law is an enigma It is produced by the decentralized actions of states, and it generally lacks centralized enforcement mechanisms. Political science realists and some rationalist legal scholars argue that customary international law cannot affect state behavior: that it is\epiphenomenal.\ This article develops a model of an n-player prisoner's dilemma in the customary international law context that shows that it is plausible that states would comply with customary international law under certain

5.1 Introduction 5.2 Metabolic pathways and metabolic control mechanisms 5.3 The industrial production of citric acid 5.4 The production of other TCA cycle intermediates 5.5 The industrial production of itaconic acid

第一节 概述 Introduction 第二节 发热的原因和机制 Causes and Mechanisms of Fever 第三节 发热的时相及其热代谢特点 Febrile Phases and the Characteristics of Thermo-Metabolism 第四节 机体的功能和代谢变化 Functional and Metabolic Changes 第五节 发热防治的病理生理基础 Pathophysiological Basis of Prevention and Treatment for Fever

realized that the immune system could go awry and, instead of reacting against foreign antigens, could focus its attack on self-antigens. He termed this con- dition\horror autotoxicus \We now understand that while mechanisms of self-tolerance normally protect an individual from potentially self-reactive lymphocytes, there are failures They result in an inappropriate response of the immune system against self-components termed autoimmunity In the 1960s, it was believed that all self-reactive lymphocytes

Transport layer protocol is to reate a process-to-process communication Provide control mechanisms Provide a connection mechanism for the processes

effector molecules that act to remove antigen b ren various mechanisms described in previous chap es antigen without A Second Exposure to Poison Oak May Result in Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Gell and Coombs Classification IgE-Mediated (Type I) Hypersensitivity Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxic(Type) Hypersensitivity aImmune Complex-Mediated (Type Ill) Hypersensitivity

概念(Concept) 机体的凝血系统 Blood Clotting Mechanisms • 内源性凝血系统 • 外源性凝血系统 抗凝血系统 Anticoagulation System 组织因子途径抑制物 Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor(TFPI) 抗凝血酶Ⅲ和肝素 Antithrombin Ⅲ & Heparin 血小板在抗凝血中的作用 Effect of Platelets on Blood Coagulation 体液抗凝 Humoral Anticoagulation • 组织因子途径抑制物 • 抗凝血酶Ⅲ • 蛋白C系统 • 纤维蛋白溶解系统 DIC的功能代谢变化 Functional & Metabolic Changes of DIC 1. 出血 2. 器官功能障碍 3. 休克 4. 微血管病性溶血性贫血

Flow control: end-to-end mechanism for regulating traffic between source and destination Congestion control: Mechanism used by the network to limit congestion The two are not really separable, and I will refer to both as flow control In either case, both amount to mechanisms for limiting the amount of traffic entering the network Sometimes the load is more than the network can handle Eytan Modiano

History and development of Endocrinology(1) Roughly a hundred years ago, Starling coined the term hormone to describe secretin, a substance secreted by the small intestine into the blood stream to stimulate pancreatic secretion. In his Croonian Lectures, Starling considered the endo- crine and nervous systems as two distinct mechanisms for coordination and control of organ function. Thus, endocrinology found its first home in the discipline of mammalian physiology

Chapter 6 Cytoplasmic matrix, Endomembrane system, Protein Sorting and membrane trafficking Learning objective 1. Compartmentalization in Eukaryotic Cells; 2. The structural and functional relationship among the ER, Golgi complexes, lysosomes and plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells; 3. The pathways of proteins targeting and sorting, and its mechanisms; 4. The ways of protein modifications and intracellular sites after they are synthesized; 5. Types of vesicle transport and their functions