5.1 Introduction 5.2 Metabolic pathways and metabolic control mechanisms 5.3 The industrial production of citric acid 5.4 The production of other TCA cycle intermediates

9.1 Introduction 9.2 The structure, roles and abundance of sterols and steroids 9.3 Selective degradation of the sterol side chain 9.4 Specific steroid interconversions and reactions 9.5 Transformation of other terpenoids

Contents How to use an open learning text Preface 1 An introduction to biotechnological innovations Industry G. Mijnbeek and C. K. Leach 2 Biocatalyst in organic chemical synthesis R O. Jenkins

第一节 癌基因 Oncogenes 第二节 抑癌基因 Anti-oncogenes 第三节 生长因子 Growth factors

True: Growing and dividing cells need to use substrate to provide energy and materials for growth, maintenance and product formation. In immobilised (non-growing) systems the energy and materials are only required for cell maintenance and product formation

Preface The BIOTOL series of texts are designed to provide a self-study resource concerning the principles, practices and applications of biotechnology. This text is designed to explain how biotechnology may be applied to solve problems encountered in the production and use of organic chemicals in a wide

1. Gluconeogenesis: The universal pathway for synthesis of glucose. 2. Biosynthesis of glycogen, starch, and sucrose. 3. CO2 fixation in plants (the Calvin Cycle). 4. Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in plants

dissociation and reconstitution studies Abundant knoblike protruding structures were observed on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane by EM (Racker in 1960). The inside-out submitochondrial particles with the knobs\ are capable of both electron transferring and ATP synthesis

1. Fatty acids; 2. Eicosanoids: 3. Triacylglycerols 4. Membrane phospholipids; 5. Cholesterol, steroids, and isoprenoids;

8. 1 Introduction 8.2 Essential and nonessential amino acid Stereochemistry of amino acids 8. 4 Amino acid fermentation 8.5 Recovery of the amino acid from the fermentation broth