定义 fetal distress: 胎儿在宫内有缺氧征象危及胎 儿健康和生命者.是一种综合症 状,是剖宫产的适应证之一

病因 一、遗传基因缺陷 二、环境因素 三、母体因素 四、胎盘内分泌功能不足 五、免疫因素

epidemiology Labor and delivery between28-36+6 weeks 5%-10% be the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality Survival rates have increased and morbidity has decreased because of technologic advances

Normal Pregnancy Pregnand The course that the embryo and the fetus grow in the maternal body Stages f pregnancy Early pregnancy: $12 weeks Mid pregnancy:≥13 weeks,≤27 weeks Late pregnancy: 228 weeks Term pregnancy:≥37 weeks,<42 weeks

定义 孕28周后,胎盘附于子宫下段,甚至胎盘下缘 达到或覆盖宫颈内口,位置低于胎儿先露部 ,称为前置胎盘

Incidence and Prevalence: Increase significantly Range from 1~50% General population: 1~2% Infertile women: 30~50% Occurs primarily in women in 25~45s

Definition Preterm Labor: Labor occurring prior to the completion of 37 weeks' of gestation (228 weeks), or 196-258 days from the last menstrual period (LMP)

Cerebral vascular Disease Definition of term: The term cerebrovascular disease designates any abnormality of the brain resulting from a pathologic process of the blood vessels. Sudden loss of neurological function is the hallmark of cerebrovascula disease. Cerebrovascular disease is the third most common cause

Definition Placenta previa: Abnormal location- of the placenta over,orin close proximity to the internal os. Incidence: approximately 1 /250 pregnancy nulliparas: 1/1000~1/1500 pregnancy grandmultiparas: 1/20

女性生殖系统解剖 第一节骨盆 (一)骨盆的组成 1.骨盆的骨骼 2.骨盆的关节 3.骨盆的韧带