慢性胃炎( chronic gastritis)是一种常见病,由各种致病因素所致胃粘膜慢 性非特异性炎症,病变以胃窦炎为主。可分为慢性浅表性胃炎,慢性萎缩性胃炎 和慢性肥厚性胃炎等三类。用纤维胃镜可直接窥视胃粘膜的病变,并钳取病变组 织进行病理检査,可确诊

This is an admirably concise and clear guide to fundamental concepts in physiology relevant to clinical practice. It covers all the body systems in an accessible style of presentation. Bulleted checklists and boxed information provide an easy overview and summary of the essentials. By concentrating on the core knowledge of physiology, it will serve as a useful revision aid for all doctors striving to achieve postgraduate qualification, and for anyone needing to refresh their knowledge base in the key elements of clinical physiology. The author’s own experience as an examiner at all levels has been distilled here for the benefit of postgraduate trainees and medical and nursing students. Dr Ashis Banerjee is Consultant in Emergency Medicine and serves as Examiner for those undertaking their MB, BS, MRCS and MFAEM examinations

测控技术与仪器专业 《测控技术与仪器专业导论》 《单片机系统实践》 《工程光学基础》 《信号与系统》 《精密机械设计(1)(2)》 《软件技术基础》 《传感器原理及应用》 《误差理论与数据处理》 《微机原理及应用》 《机器视觉》 《可编程逻辑器件及应用》 《PLC 及应用》 《虚拟仪器》 《精密机械设计实践》 《传感器原理及应用实践》 《虚拟仪器实训课程》 《智能车实训课程》 《开放性实验》 《测控电路》 《控制工程基础》 《光电检测技术与系统》 《计算机测控技术》 《DSP 技术及应用》 《电子线路 CAD》 《测控电路设计实践》 《专业实习》 《机器人实训课程》 《光电竞赛实训课程》 《电子设计竞赛实训课程》 《精密测量技术》 《测控仪器设计》 《光机电一体化技术与系统》 《激光测量技术》 《嵌入式系统及应用》 《现代测试技术导论》 《测控专业综合实践》 《大学生科技创新计划项目》 《创新创业与实践》 《科研训练项目》 《毕业设计》 光电信息科学与工程专业 《光电信息科学与工程导论(1)(2)(3)(4)》 《精密机械设计基础》 《应用光学》 《现代电子技术及应用》 《现代电子技术应用综合设计》 《物理光学》 《光学设计》 《现代光学实验》 《光度学与色度学》 《数字图像处理及应用》 《激光原理及应用》 《视觉检测系统设计与实践》 《光学系统设计》 《数字系统设计》 《专业软件基础》 《光存储与显示》 《光纤技术与应用》 《光电信息系统综合实践》 《光谱分析技术》 测控技术与仪器专业(外培计划) 测控技术与仪器专业医疗设备制造方向(双培计划） 《大学生职业发展与就业指导(4)》 《医疗仪器综合实践》 《医用光电检测技术》 《激光在医学中的应用》 《医学图像处理与分析》 《现代医学仪器》 《医学信息学》 《医学统计学与临床研究方法》 《光谱学》 《生物医学光子学》

1 Fundamentals and Cell Physiology 2 Nerve and Muscle, Physical Work 3 Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) 4 Blood 5 Respiration 6 Acid–Base Homeostasis 7 Kidneys, Salt, and Water Balance 8 Cardiovascular System 9 Thermal Balance and Thermoregulation 10 Nutrition and Digestion 11 Hormones and Reproduction 12 Central Nervous System and Senses 13 Appendix Further Reading Index

1. General Physiological Processes 2. Muscle 3. Blood 4. Autonomic Nervous System 5. Respiration 6. Cardiovascular Physiology 7. Body Fluids and Electrolytes 8. Gastrointestinal System 9. Endocrine System 10. Fuel Metabolism and Nutrition 11. Reproduction and Sexual Function 12. Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Lactation 13. Mineral Metabolism, Bone, and Connective Tissue

1. Studying the Nervous Systems of Humans and Other Animals 1 UNIT I NEURAL SIGNALING 2. Electrical Signals of Nerve Cells 31 3. Voltage-Dependent Membrane Permeability 47 4. Channels and Transporters 69 5. Synaptic Transmission 93 6. Neurotransmitters, Receptors, and Their Effects 129 7. Molecular Signaling within Neurons 165 UNIT II SENSATION AND SENSORY PROCESSING 8. The Somatic Sensory System 189 9. Pain 209 10. Vision: The Eye 229 11. Central Visual Pathways 259 12. The Auditory System 283 13. The Vestibular System 315 14. The Chemical Senses 337 UNIT III MOVEMENT AND ITS CENTRAL CONTROL 15. Lower Motor Neuron Circuits and Motor Control 371 16. Upper Motor Neuron Control of the Brainstem and Spinal Cord 393 17. Modulation of Movement by the Basal Ganglia 417 18. Modulation of Movement by the Cerebellum 435 19. Eye Movements and Sensory Motor Integration 453 20. The Visceral Motor System 469 UNIT IV THE CHANGING BRAIN 21. Early Brain Development 501

Part I Human Organization 1 Organization of the Body 2 Chemistry of Life 3 Cell Structure and Function 4 Body Tissues and Membranes 5 The Integumentary System Part II Support and Movement 6 The Skeletal System 7 The Muscular System Part III Integration and Coordination 8 The Nervous System 9 The Sensory System 10 The Endocrine System Part IV Maintenance of the Body 11 Blood 12 The Circulatory System 13 The Lymphatic System and Immunity 14 The Respiratory System 15 The Digestive System 16 The Urinary System Part V Reproduction and Development 17 The Reproductive System 18 Human Development and Birth 19 Human Genetics Appendices A Reference Figures: The Human Organism B Understanding Medical Terminology C Answers to MedAlert Questions D Further Readings

Using the Road Map Series for Successful Review . 1. Cell Physiology. I. Plasma Membrane II. Ion Channels III. Cell Signaling IV. Membrane Potential V. Structure of Skeletal Muscle VI. Neuromuscular and Synaptic Transmission VII. Smooth Muscle Clinical Problems Answers 2. Cardiovascular Physiology I. General Principles II. Hemodynamics III. Electrophysiology IV. Cardiac Muscle and Cardiac Output V. Cardiac Cycle with Pressures and ECG VI. Regulation of Arterial Pressure VII. Control Mechanisms and Special Circulations VIII. Integrative Function Clinical Problems Answers 3. Respiratory Physiology. I. Lung Volumes and Capacities II. Muscles of Breathing III. Lung Compliance IV. Components of Lung Recoil V. Airway Resistance

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Human Body CHAPTER 2 Cellular Chemistry CHAPTER 3 Cell Structure and Function CHAPTER 4 Tissues CHAPTER 5 Integumentary System CHAPTER 6 Skeletal System CHAPTER 7 Muscle Tissue and Mode of Contraction CHAPTER 8 Muscular System CHAPTER 9 Nervous Tissue CHAPTER 10 Central Nervous System CHAPTER 11 Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous Systems CHAPTER 12 Sensory Organs CHAPTER 13 Endocrine System CHAPTER 14 Cardiovascular System: Blood CHAPTER 15 Cardiovascular System:The Heart CHAPTER 16 Cardiovascular System:Vessels and Blood Circulation CHAPTER 17 Lymphatic System and Body Immunity CHAPTER 18 Respiratory System CHAPTER 19 Digestive System CHAPTER 20 Metabolism, Nutrition, and Temperature Regulation CHAPTER 21 Urinary System CHAPTER 22 Water and Electrolyte Balance CHAPTER 23 Reproductive System Index

Authorand ExecutiveEditor Robert B.Dunn, Ph.D. Adjunct Associate Professor Department of Medicine Loyola University Medical Center Chicago, IL Contributors Susan DeMesquita, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Physiology Marshall School of Medicine Huntington, WV Directorof MedicalIllustration ChristineSchaar Directorof PublishingandMedia Michelle Covello Stanley S. Passo, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Physiology New York Medical College Valhalla, NY MedicalIllustrators Rich LaRocco and Christine Schaar James Porter, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Physiology University of Louisville Louisville, KY ProductionEditors Kathlyn McGreevy Ruthie Nussbaum Kenneth H. Ibsen, Ph.D. Director of Academic Development Kaplan Medical Professor Emeritus Biochemistry University of California Irvine, CA ProductionArtist Michael Wolff CoverDesign Joanna Myllo Mary Ruebush, Ph.D. Adjunct Professor of Microbiology Montana State University Bozeman, MT CoverArt Rich LaRocco