Chapter13 has outlined the concept of hygienic design'and hygienic practices'in controlling the safety of chilled food products. This chapter deals with hygienic practices, specifically those related to cleaning and disinfection. Contamination in food products may arise from four main sources: the constituent raw materials, surfaces

This chapter focuses on the key elements of international and national regulatory controls and associated guidance on the manufacture, storage and distribution of chilled foods. European countries in membership of EU are covered only insofar as where national legislation or guidance exists in addition to general EU rules Since chilled foods are a relatively recent

Published by woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington Hall, Abington Cambridge cb1 6AH. england www.woodhead-publishing.com Published in No d South America by CRC Press LLC, 2000 Corporate Blvd, Nw Boca raton Fl USA First edition 1992. Ellis Horwood Ltd

Chilled food technology has had a very significant impact on the types of food eaten by consumers during the 1980s and 1990s. This method of food preservation has satisfied the desires of people for safe, reliable, fresh products providing convenience despite the limited shelf-life. This introduction reviews the definition, range and market size of chilled food and indicates trends for the L1 Definition Foods distributed under refrigeration and sold from refrigerator cabinets have been available for many years. Although there were many new chilled product

1 Raw material selection: fruit and vegetables 1.2 Criteria for selection 1.3 Specifications 1.4 New trends in raw material production 1.5 New trends in plant breeding 1.6 Conclusion

致病因素与疾病经过的关系是很复杂的,最常 见的形式有以下几种: 只对疾病的发生起作用 致病因素只对疾病的发生起发动作用,引起机 体损害后即行消失,并不参与疾病的发展,但疾 病仍按其自身规律继续发展,甚至往往引起严重 后果。 如机械力引起创伤、高温引起烧伤以及低温引 起冻伤等

• 食品粉碎、造粒新技术 • 食品包装、杀菌新技术 • 食品质构调整技术 • 微粉碎与超微粉碎 • 冷冻粉碎 • 微胶囊造粒技术 • 蒸煮袋与软罐头 • 无菌包装 • 超高温杀菌 • 欧姆杀菌和高压杀菌 • 气流膨化 • 蒸煮挤压

1407关于冷藏的下列说法中错的是 A.高温库的相对湿度应比低温库大 B.菜果库需要通风良好 C.即使-18-20℃低温,食品中的液体也未全部冻结 D.漏入库内热量多,则食物冷藏中损失水分也多

一、是在制冷机内完成热力循环的工质,必须具有较好的热力性质和物理化学性质,选用时根据使用场合、温度要求、制冷量及制冷机的型式等综合考虑

速冻食品 Fast Frozen Food 是采用新鲜原料，经过适当的处理，急速冷冻，再妥善保存， 于摄氏零下十八度以下的连贯低温条件下送抵消费地点的低温产品，其最大优点完全以低温来 保存食品原来品质，而不借助任何防腐剂和添加剂，同时具有美味、方便、健康、卫生、营 养、实惠的好处