第一节 细胞信号转导概述 The General Information of Signal Transduction 第二节 细胞内信号转导分子 Intracellular Signal Molecules 第三节 细胞受体介导的细胞内信号转导 Signal Pathways Mediated by Different Receptors 第四节 信号转导的基本规律和复杂性 The basic rule and complexity of signal transduction and

载体必备条件: 1.是一个复制子; 2.载体在受体细胞中能大量繁殖,其携带的外源基因才能在受体细胞中得到大量扩增; 3.有1到几个限制内切酶的单一识别与切割位点,便于外源基因的插入; 4.具有选择性的遗传标记(如抗生素抗性标记等)以此知道它是否已进入受体细胞,并据此标记将受体细胞从其他细胞中分离出来

原核细胞型微生物属原核生物界的生物,其 特征是:呈细胞形态,仅有原始的类核,DNA , 分子盘旋在细胞浆内,无核膜和核仁,不进行有丝分裂,无细胞器。它们包括细菌(含放线 菌),螺旋体、霉形体、衣原体和立克次氏体

药物化学——是一门发现与发明新药，合成化学药物，阐明药物化学性质，研究药物分子与机体细胞（生物大分子）之间相互作用规律的综合性学科

Chapter 7 Energy Generation in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts (1)Mitochondria: in all eukaryotic cells The relationship between the structure and function of mit. ()Chloroplasts: in plant cells The relationship between the structure and function of chI. Mit: Oxidative phosphorylation→atp hl: Photosynthesis→atp+ NADPH→ Sugar

Chapter 5A. The Movement of Substances Across cell membranes Learning Obiectives 1. Principles of membrane transport 2. Passive transport and active transport; 3. Two main classes of membrane transport proteins Carriers and Channels

The most common gene change involves a single base mismatch--a misspelling--placing the wrong base in the DNA. At other times, a single base may be dropped or added. And sometimes large pieces of DNA are mistakenly repeated or deleted

原位杂交(In situ hybridization) 1、同位素原位杂交(Isotopic in situ hybridization) 70年代。 2、非同位素原位杂交(Non--isotopic in situ ybridization) 80年代中后期 (1)免疫酶联 (2)荧光原位杂交(Fluorescence in situ ybridization,SH)

1.Genes can be mutated in many ways The most common gene change involves a single base mismatch--a misspelling--placing the wrong base in the DNA. At other times, a single base may be dropped or added. And sometimes large pieces of DNA are mistakenly repeated or deleted

Chapter 1 Introduction to the cell Learning Objectives 1. About Cell Biology 2. Look briefly at the history of cell theory; 3. Consider the basic properties of cells; 4. Compare some characteristics of two different classes of cells: prokaryotes and eukaryotes; 5.comprehend a special life: viruses