Aggregate Demand ll Science is a parasite: the greater the patient population the better the ad ance in physiology and pathology; and out of pathology arises therapy The year 1932 was the trough of the great depression, and from its rotten soil was belatedly begot a new subject that today we call macroeconomics In Chapter 10 we assembled the pieces of the IS-LM model. We saw that the IS curve represents the equilibrium in the market for goods and services, that the LM curve represents the equilibrium in the market for real money balances, and that the IS and LM curves together

During recent years there has been an explosive growth in the market for fresh prepared fruit and vegetable (i.e. produceproducts. The main driving force for this market growth is the increasing consumer demand for fresh, healthy, convenient and additive-free prepared product items. However, fresh prepared produce items are highly perishable and prone to the major spoilage mechanisms of enzymic discoloration, moisture loss and microbial growth. Good manufacturing and handling practices along with the appropriate use of modified atmosphere packaging(mp)are relatively effective at inhibiting

I. Factors Affecting Price I. Factors Affecting Price Decisions Decisions II. The Market and Demand II. The Market and Demand III. Approaches to setting III. Approaches to setting prices

Capital Structure Determination Conceptual Look The Total-Value- Principle Presence of Market Imperfections and Incentive Issues The Effect of Taxes Taxes and Market Imperfections Combined Financial Signaling

SInvestment Decision vs. Financing Decision OMarket Efficiency →Weak form efficiency →Semi -strong- form efficiency >Strong form efficiency OLessons of Market Efficiency Irwvin/McGraw-Hill

From Individual to Market Demand Functions Think of an economy containing n consumers, denoted by= 1, .. ,n. Consumer is' ordinary demand function for commodity j is

Chapter Six Monopoly : Market Power 垄断：市场力 Chapter 7 Monopolistic Competition (垄断竞争市场) Chapter 8 Oligopoly (寡头市场) Chapter 9 Game Theory

Game theory 1 Classic models of oligopoly Game theory 2 Dynamic models of oligopoly Product differentiation Identifying and measuring market power Ch. 8 Classic models of oligopoly Ch. 9 game theory 2 Ch. 10 dynamic models of oligopoly • Reaching an agreement • Stronger, swifter, more certain • Dynamic games • Supergames • Factors that influence the sustainability of collusion • Facilitating practices • Antitrust and collusion • Summary Ch. 11 product differentiation • What is product differentiation? • Monopolistic competition • Bias in product selection • Address models • Strategic behavior • Oligopoly equilibrium in vertically differentiated markets • Summary Ch. 12 Identifying and measuring market power • Structure, conduct, and performance • The new empirical industrial organization • The NEIO and SCP: a summing up • Summary

Ch.4 Market power and dominant firms Chapter 5. Non-linear pricing and price discrimination Ch. 6 Market power and product quality • Search goods • Experience goods and quality • Signaling high quality • Summary

Monetary Measures of Gains-to- Trade You can buy as much rice as you wish at RMB1 per kilogram once you enter the gasoline market. Q: What is the most you would pay to enter the market?