遗传: 亲代与子代相似. 变异: 亲代与子代、子代间不同个体不完 全相同. 遗传(inheritance)和变异(variation)是 生命的最本质特性之一 遗传型: 表型(表现型):

在一定的空间内生物的成分和非生 物的成分通过物质循环和能量流动互相作用、 互相依存而构成的一个生态学功能单位。 生态系统: 生态学:研究生物与其周围生物和非生物环境 之间相互关系的一门科学。 微生物生态学: 研究微生物与其周围生物和 非生物环境之间相互关系

一、功率晶体管GTR 二、功率功效应晶体管（P-MOSFET） 三、绝缘栅双极型晶体管（IGBT） 四、自关断器件驱动电路

§1 概述 §2 板料的基本性能与冲压成形性能的关系 §3 冲压成形性能指标与实验方法 §4 成形极限图 §5冲压常用材料 Favorite material

1 Introduction 2 Deterministic Dynamic Programming and Viscosity Solutions 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Value Functions are Viscosity Solutions 2.3 Comparison and Uniqueness 3 Stochastic Control 3.1 Some Probability Theory 3.2 Controlled State Space Models 3.3 Filtering 3.4 Dynamic Programming - Case I : Complete State Information 3.5 Dynamic Programming - Case II : Partial State Information 3.6 Two Continuous Time Problems 4 Robust Control 4.1 Introduction and Background 4.2 The Standard Problem of H∞ Control 4.3 The Solution for Linear Systems 4.4 Risk-Sensitive Stochastic Control and Robustness 5 Optimal Feedback Control of Quantum Systems 5.1 Preliminaries 5.2 The Feedback Control Problem 5.3 Conditional Dynamics 5.4 Optimal Control 5.5 Appendix: Formulas for the Two-State System with Feedback Example 6 Optimal Risk-Sensitive Feedback Control of Quantum Systems 6.1 System Model

§２-１ 单相半波可控整流电路 §２-２ 单相桥式全控整流电路 §２-３三相半波可控整流电路 §２-４三相桥式全控整流电路 §2-5 换流重叠现象

3.1 Introduction 3.2 Typical test signals for time response of control systems 3.3 First –Order Systems 3.4 Performance of a Second-Order System 3.5 Concept of Stability 3.6 The Relative Stability of Feedback Control Systems

一、主电路形式选用 二、整流变压器设计计算 三、整流元件选择 四、主电路元件保护 五、电抗器设计

§6—1、基本概念 §6—2、负载谐振式逆变器 §6—3、强迫换流式逆变器 §6—4、逆变器的多重化技术 §6—5、PWM逆变器 §6—6、交——交变频电路

Frequency response is the analysis of the response of systemswhen subjected to a sinusoidal change in input. When a linear system is subjected to a sinusoidal input, its ultimate response is also a sustained sinusoidal wave, with the same frequency. The figure below compares the output response of a system (solid line) with a sinusoidal input (dashed line) disturbing the system