经营预测是指根据历史资料和 现在的信息，运用一定的科学预测 方法，对未来经济活动 可能产生的 经济效益和发展趋势作出科学的预 计和推测的过程

凡是决策行为的影响期间在一年 （或一个营业年度）之内，仅对日常生 产经营活动产生影响的决策称经营决策； 凡是决策行为的影响期间在一年（或一 个营业年度）以上，对企业长远发展有 重大影响(如企业经营方向的改变、重 大的投资活动等)的决策称投资决策

在保证产品质量和功能的前提下，通过 改进产品设计结构，可以大大降低产品成本。 据国内外有关资料显示，通过改进产品设计 结构所降低的成本数额，占事前成本决策取 得成本降低额的70%～8 0%。 可见，大力推广功能成本决策，不仅可以 保证产品必要的功能及质量，而且可以确定 努力实现的目标成本，从而降低产品成本

通过本章学习,要求理解企业资金筹集、生产准备、产品生产、产品销售、财务成果、资金退出等业务活动的内容,账户设置和主要业务的账户对应关系。较熟练地掌握账户和借贷记账法的具体运用

There is generally a higher degree of uncertainty regarding the future benefits that may be derived. Their value is subject to wider fluctuations because it may depend to a considerable extent on competitive conditions

1. Conceptual Overview of Liabilities Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of a company to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future as a result of past transactions or events

1. Reasons for Issuance of Long￾Term Liabilities Debt financing may be the only availablesource of funds. Debt financing may have a lower cost. Debt financing offers an income taxadvantage. The voting privilege is not shared. Debt financing offers the opportunity forleverage

information needs. Questions will be raised as to examples of external users and internal users and their different information needs. Then differences of financial accounting and managerial accounting will be discussed. Financial accounting is the information accumulation, processing, and communication system designed to satisfy the investment and credit decision-making information

Course Nature This course is designed for undergraduate students majoring in accounting and auditing. It is arranged in the fourth or fifth semester. It is aimed to enhance students’ ability both in western accounting knowledge and professional English, and to improve competitive for their job

1. Concepts of income Intermediate Accounting 4 The Income Statement and Income Recognition Capital Maintenance Concept Under this concept, corporate income for a period of time is the amount that may be paid to stockholders during that period and still enable the corporation to be as well off at the end of the period as it was at the beginning