Electrons surrounding atoms are concentrated into regions of space called atomic orbitals. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to know both the location and the momentum of an atomic particle

We shall study other examples of additions to the double bonds of alkenes. We begin with the additions of hydrogen halides, sulfuric acid, water (in the presence of an acid catalyst), and halogens

7.1 Introduction 7.2 Homolytic bond dissociation nergies 7.3 The reactions of alkanes with halogens

Arenes: Nomenclature Monosubstituted benzene derivatives are names as other hydrocarbons using the following set of rules: 1. Benzene is the parent name; when a benzene ring is a substituent on another chain, it is referred to as a \phenyl\ group

教学目标或要求：了解氨基酸的结构，分类，命名。了解多肽结构测定和端基分析。 重点掌握氨基酸的性质和蛋白质的四级结构

Outline 6.1 Forces Influencing protein structure 6.2 Role of the amino acid sequence in Protein structure 6.3 Secondary structure of proteins 6.4 Protein Folding and tertiary structure 6.5 Subunit Interactions and Quaternary Structure

15.1 Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions These reactions are of the general type shown below;

1.1 Introduction Organic chemistry is the study of the compounds of carbon 1.3 The structural theory of organic chemistry

Oxidation-reduction and organometallic compounds (氧化-还原和有机金属化合物） 11.1 Introduction Carbonyl (羰基）compounds are a broad group of compounds that includes aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters

1 Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (uv) 紫外光谱----测定有机物中是否存在共轭双键和芳香族化合物 2. Infrared spectroscopy (IR)红外光谱----测定有机物中官能团