The expressed purpose of the Pesticide Analytical Manual is to publish analytical methodology used by the FDA in enforcing pesticide tolerances. To understand FDA’s application of methodology published in the manual, it is important to

Recovery of Chemicals Through Method 401 (E1-E2 + C1 + DL1) (methanol extraction, cleanup with partitioning and charcoal/Celite column, HPLC with post-column derivatization and fluorescence detection)

Caution: Use this table only as a quick reference for tentative identification of residues found in samples analyzed by the most com￾monly used PAM I multiresidue methods. Always compare the residue to a standard chromatographed in your own gas chromatograph

Transmittal No. 96-E1 (9/96) Form FDA 2905a (6/92) INDEX: METHODS–1 Pesticide Analytical Manual Vol. I INDEX: METHODS Index to PAM I Methods, by Chemicals Tested for Recovery Codes: C: complete (recovery); P: partial; S: small; V: variable; R: recovered; NR: not recovered

Multiresidue methodology by definition requires determinative steps capable of separating analytes from one another so each can be detected and measured individually. Both gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and high performance liquid

Food quality, including colour, texture, flavour and nutritional value, is of key importance in the context of food preservation and processing. Colour, texture and flavour refer to consumption quality, purchase and product acceptability whereas the nutritive values (i.e. vitamin content, nutrients, minerals, health￾related food components) refer to hidden quality aspects. In conventional thermal processing, process optimisation consists of reducing the severity of the thermal process in terms of food quality destruction without compromising food safety

Preventing the loss of vitamins and nutrients in foods is a paramount concern at all stages of food processing involving heating. One example of the critical need for retaining vitamins is to nourish hospital patients who require vitamins to recover from the stress of illness or surgery.1 This issue has invoked recent studies

‘Genetically modified food’ has become the object of a heated debate by con￾sumer activists and replaced irradiation’s leading role as a target. In this debate the term irradiation is frequently confused with radioactive contamination, espe￾cially after the Chernobyl accident. The allegation is made that the nuclear indus￾try needs food irradiation badly in order to find some use for the waste from

The modern frozen food industry was started by Clarence Birdseye in America in 1925. As a fur trader in Labrador Birdseye had noticed that fillets of fish left by the natives to freeze rapidly in arctic winters retained the taste and texture attrib￾utes of fresh fish better than fillets frozen in milder temperatures at other times of the year. Frozen foods were available before Birdseye’s pioneering innovations, but they were of poor and uncertain quality. Birdseye’s insight was that speed of freezing is crucial to retain quality and he was the first to develop machinery

The domestication of different grasses, all members of the monocotyledonous family Gramineae, was a seminal event in the history of mankind. The cultiva￾tion of these plants led to the generation of agricultural surpluses. These in turn enabled societies in different parts of the world to make the transition from a nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyle to one based on communities living in per￾manent settlements