The reactivity of organometallic compounds increases with the percent ionic character of the carbon-metal bond. RLi and RMgX are of great importance in organic synthesis

A hydrocarbon whose molecules contain two double bonds is called an alkadiene(alkatriene for three double bonds); A hydrocarbon with two triple bonds is called an alkadiyne; A hydrocarbon with a double and triple bond is called an alkenyne

A ring that contains at least one heteroatom (an atom other than carbon) is called a heterocycle, and a substance based on a heterocyclic ring is a heterocyclic compound. Heterocyclic compounds containing N, O or S are by far the most common

一 掌握牛顿定律的基本内容及其适用条件． 二 熟练掌握用隔离体法分析物体的受力情况，能用微积分方法求解变力作用下的简单质点动力学问题． 三 理解惯性系与非惯性系的概念，了解惯性力的概念．

掌握牛顿运动定律及其适用条件，能用微积分方法求解一维变力作用下的简单质点动力学问题。 §2-1 牛顿运动定律、力的概念、惯性参照系 §2-2 力学单位制和量纲 §2-3 牛顿运动定律应用举例

Aldehydes are named by replacing the terminal –e of the corresponding alkane name with –al. The longest chain selected as the base name must contain the –CHO group, and the –CHO carbon is always numbered as carbon 1

17.1 The Acidity of the α Hydrogens of Carbonyl Compounds: Enolate Anions 17.2 Keto and Enol Tautomers 17.3 Reactions via Enols and Enolate Anions

More reactive than benzene toward electrophilic substitution NO2 An deactivating group Less reactive than benzene toward electrophilic substitution Ortho-para director Meta director

The most characteristic reactions of benzenoid arenes are the substitution reactions that occur when they react with electrophilic reagents. The electrophiles are either a positive ion (E+) or some other electron-deficient species with a large partial positive charge

Compounds were classified as being either aliphatic or aromatic in the latter part of the nineteenth century. To be classified as aliphatic meant then that the chemical behavior of a compound was “fatlike”. To be classified as aromatic meant then that the compound had a low hydrogen/carbon ratio and that it was “fragrant