Biotechnology and Polymers Most Chemically Synthesized Polymers are not Biodegradable, such as PE, PP, PS and PET While most Biologically Synthesized Polymers are Biodegradable, such as Proteins, Cellulose, Glycan The most Notable Biopolymers with Properties Similar to Thermoplastics are: Polyhydroxyalkanoates or PHA

Flowsheet for developing an industrial microbial fermentation process Strain selection Laboratory process development Pilot Scale up Industrial Scale up Downstream process development Product packaging techniques Other commercial consideration Examples

Chapter 5 Macromolecules and Molecular Genetics DNA Replication Complementary base pairing Semiconservative Template and primer From 5'-phosphate to the 3'-hydroxyl end DNA polymerase and ligase A short stretch of RNA serves as primer Primase: a specific RNA-polymerizing enzyme

Arrangement of DNA in Prokaryotes Vertebrates Algae Fungi Free-living prokaryotes Obligately parasitic Bacteria Chloroplasts Nudleod Mitochondria Viruses

Peptidoglycan Synthesis Transport of peptidoglycan precursors across the cytoplasmic. membrane to the growing point of the cell wall Outside Peptidoglycan Growing point of cell wall

Cell Biology Tool for studying microbiology: Microscopes and Microscopy Microscope: (a) Bright-field (b) Phase contrast (c) Dark-field (d) Fluorescence

Chapter 4 Metabolism, Biosynthesis and Nutrition Microbial Nutrition Laboratory Culture of Microorganisms Sterilization. Aseptic Technique, and Pure Cultures

中山大学：《细胞生物学》期中试卷

广西大学：《动物繁殖学 Reproduction in animals》课程教学资源_习题

Ribosomal RNAs as Evolutionary Chronometers Reasons: Ancient molecules Functionally constant Universally distributed Moderately well conserved in sequence across broad phylogenetic distances