一、微生物的纯培养技术。 1、 分离菌种： 2、 培养：移接至斜面

代谢（metabolism）： 细胞内发生的各种化学反应的总称 代谢 分解代谢(catabolism) 合成代谢(anabolism)

Microbial pathogenesis—process of causing disease Colonization—presence of microbes at site of body – Does not imply tissue damage or disease symptoms – Does imply invasion of site and multiplication

Constitutive Defenses Barriers to entry – See Schaechter text, Table 6.1 Mucous membranes—covered by protective layer of mucus – Mechanical and chemical barrier that allows proper functioning

Overall Strategies Defense against complement Subversion of phagocytosis Subversion of immune responses

Types of chemotaxins – C5a attracts neutrophils and monocytes – Made by bacteria Peptide clipped off N-terminus (beginning with N￾formylmethionine) during peptide maturation after protein synthesis

Operon fusion: transcriptional – Promoter from foreign gene – Translational sequence from reporter gene

Choosing an Animal Model Pathogen may not affect animal at all -OR￾may give different symptoms Given disease may have a number of animal models, none of which fully satisfies characteristics of disease

实验动物质量控制 ❖遗传质量控制 ❖微生物质量控制 ❖营养质量控制 ❖环境质量控制

遗传质量控制 微生物质量控制 营养质量控制 环境质量控制