Background Rhinitis is defined as inflammation of the nasal membranes and is characterized by a symptom complex that consists of any combination of the following: sneezing, nasal congestion, nasal itching, and rhinorrhea. Allergic rhinitis is the most common cause of rhinitis

General information Definition定义 Allergic rhinitis can be defined as a disease giving rise to two or three of the following symptoms: sneezing attacks serous hypersecretion(高分泌)and hasal blockage due to a swollen nasal mucosa

共同特点: 有包膜的球形病毒,80-120nm, 基因组为单股RNA二聚体,核心有逆 转录酶,复制通过DNA中间体,能与 宿主细胞DNA整合

一、气管支气管的解剖生理 二、气管 1 颈前正中←→上纵隔

一、鼻的解剖 Anatomy of nose 1 外鼻 external nose 2 鼻腔nasal cavity 3 鼻窦accessory nasal

喉的觉置 喉 larynx 喉 larynx 在颈前正中, 舌骨下 第3颈椎至 第6颈椎下缘。 上通喉咽, 下接气管

一、概要 上接喉咽,下通贲门 C6下缘C10~11 长:23~25cm,横径:2cm

大部分位于颞骨(temporal bone)在颅两侧颅底和侧壁一部分

病因 1.慢性支气管炎 2.吸烟 3.大气污染 4.职业性粉尘和有害气体的长期吸入,以及过敏等因素 5.反复感染(病毒或细菌)

支气管哮喘 一个全球性的严重健康问题 全球哮喘患病率差异大:普遍规律: