轴心受拉构件从加载到破坏,其受力过程分 为三个阶段:从加载到砼受拉开裂前,砼开裂后 到钢筋即将屈服,受拉钢筋开始屈服到全部受拉 钢筋达到屈服。 轴心受拉破坏时混凝土裂缝贯通,纵向拉钢筋达 到其受拉屈服强度,正截面承载力公式如下:

• 并发程序设计的基本概念 • 并发程序带来的问题 • 需要解决的基本问题 • 程序语言示例

8.1 生态评价概述 8.2 生态适宜性分析 8.3 生态敏感性分析 8.4 生态风险性评价 8.5 生态安全评价 8.6 生态承载力分析 8.7 生态系统服务功能价值评价 8.8 生态环境综合评价

一. 室内给排水工程的内容 室内给排水工程主要介绍室内给水、排水和热水供应工程的设计原理及方法，同时还要 介绍一些施工及管理方面的基本知识和技术。这是一门专业技术课程，是给排水专业的必修 课

1、钢结构对材料的要求 （1） 较高的抗拉强度fu和屈服点fy （2） 塑性、冲击韧性好 （3） 冷加工性能好 （4） 可焊性好 （5） 耐久性好

Principle of Structure Design and Calculation Based on Probabilostic Limit State Method History and basic concept of methods for calculation and design Functional requirement of structure Conception of limit state, probabilistic limit state design method Design method, principles, expressions and factors of existing Codes Strength of Materials, action classifications, action combination

Oblique cross-section flexural members of the mechanical characteristics and failure modes. Oblique section of bending members the main factor for shear strength. Flexural oblique shear strength formula for conditions. Such a high degree of web reinforcement beams of the preliminary design steps. Resisting moment mapping. Check all of bearing capacity and structural requirements. Construction oblique shear strength calculations

Computation of Stress, Crack width and Reflection of RC Flexural Members  Characteristics of use of reinforced concrete beam during the calculation.  The concept of transformed section and the geometric characteristics.  The stress state of reinforced concrete short-term checking.  Flexural members of the cracks and the maximum width of crack.  Deformation of flexural members.  Durability of concrete structures

bias components are the mechanical characteristics of cross sections and two failure modes, Boundaries and determine the size of bias conditions; Familiar with eccentric compression of the second-order effect and calculation; Eccentric rectangular cross-section bearing capacity of compression members is calculated, Including the formula, the formula of the applicable conditions of reinforcement and non-symmetrical Design and reinforcement of the cross-section symmetrical cross section for review; I-shaped, T shaped eccentric compression AND CIVIL ENGINEERING Calculation method; Circular section eccentric compression member cross section design and review; Eccentric compression reinforcement of the structure and reasonable layout requirements

Basic Concepts of Reinforced Concrete Structure and Physical and Mechanical Properties of Materials Basic Concepts of Reinforced Concrete(RC) Strength and deformation of concrete under various stress conditions Type ,Grade and Mechanical Properties of Steel Reinforcement Bond between concrete and steel reinforcement