1．了解化学变化过程中的热效应、恒容反应热和恒压反应热的概念与测定；会写热化学方程式； 2．初步了解焓的概念，知道焓变是化学反应自发过程的一种驱动力； 3．会进行有关热化学的一般计算； 4．初步了解熵、熵变和绝对熵的概念，知道熵变是化学反应的自发过程的另一种驱动力； 5．初步了解热力学第一、第二、第三定律的概念； 6．初步了解吉布斯自由能及吉布斯-亥姆霍兹方程，初步学会用其判据化学反应的自发性； 7．掌握化学平衡状态及标准平衡常数概念，会进行简单的化学平衡移动判断及有关计算。 3.1 热化学和焓 Thermochemistry and enthalpy 3.2 熵和熵变—反应自发性的另一种判据 Entropy and entropy change — judgment for spontaneous reaction 3.3 自由能——反应自发性的最终判据 Free energy－the determined criterion for the spontaneous process 3.4 平衡状态和标准平衡常数Equilibrium and standard equilibrium constant

第一节a,β-不饱和醛酮 a, B-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones 第二节醌 Quione 第三节羟基醛酮 hydroxy aldehydes and ketones 第四节酚醛和酚酮 henotic aldehydes and phenolic ketones 第五节紫外光谱 Ultroviolet spectra

Abstract: Several 13-alkyl substituted analogs of berberine and palmatine were found to be highly active against two types of Staphylococcus aureus(SI and S2)of different origin. The most active 13-hexylberberine was 8 times more active(against SI)and the same order active(against

Preface to the Second Edition The dairy industry continues to consolidate, with mergers reducing the number of companies producing dairy products. The number of dairy farms is also de- creasing, but the remaining farms are larger and the volume of milk they produce is increasing slowly. The amount and variety of dairy products are also increasing

this problem you will study how to represent various concepts and quantify various relations with membership functions when there is more than one universe of discourse. Use minimum to quantify the\and.\For each part below, there is more than one correct answer. Provide one of these and justify your choice in each case. Also, in each case draw the three-dimensional

problem you will study how to represent various concepts and quantify various relations with membership functions. For each part below, there is more than one correct answer. Provide one of these and justify your choice in each case. (a)Draw a membership function (and hence define a fuzzy set) that quantifies the set of all people of medium height

Fuzzy control does not exist as an isolated topic devoid of relationships to other fields, and it is important to understand how it relates to these other fields in order to strengthen your understanding of it. We have emphasized that fuzzy control has its foundations in conventional control and that there are many relationships to techniques, ideas, and methodologi there. Fuzzy control is also an\intelligent control\technique

7．认识分子间作用力和氢键的本质，会解释其对物质性质的影响。1．认识化学键的本质；2．掌握离子键的形成及其特点；3．掌握离子的特征，离子极化概念；4．掌握价键理论的内容；会用价键理论解释共价键的特征，会用价电子对互斥理论和杂化轨道理论解释简单的分子结构；5．初步认识分子轨道，掌握第二周期元素的分子轨道特点；6．理解金属键理论，特别是能带理论，会用能带理论解释固体分类； 2.1 化学键的定义 Definition of chemical bond 2.2 离子键理论 Ionic bond theory 2.3 共价键的概念与路易斯结构式 Concept of the covalent bond theory and Lewis’ structure formula 2.7 金属键理论Metallic bond theory 2.8 分子间作用力和氢键 Intermolecular forces and hydrogen bond 2.4 用以判断共价分子几何形状的价层电子对互斥理论 VSEPR for judging the configuration of the covalence molecular 2.5 原子轨道的重叠— 价键理论 Superposition of atomic orbital —valence bond theory 2.6 分子轨道理论Molecular orbital theory

Part One Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said -Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),)and D), and decide which is the best answer

The wooden ship was constructed on a building berth, around which timbers ad planking were cut and shaped, and then fitted together on the berth to form the hull. A similar practice was followed with iron vessels and, later, with the earlier was followed with the earlier