a. Extension of meaning b. Restriction of meaning c. Degeneration of meaning d. Elevation of meaning

语言与社会政治生活密切相关。 在语言使用中,把握正确的政 治方向有助于社会大 的稳定,民族的团 结;有助于国与国 之间友好关系的保 持与发展

1. Characteristics of idioms (1)Semantic unity Each idiom is a semantic unity. The semantic unity can be reflected by the fact tha he meaning of an idiom is very often not the total sum of the meanings of the constituent words. The semantic unity can aslo be shown in the illogical relations between the literal meanings of the consitituent words and the meaning of the idiom

1.Types of dictionaries Monolingual dictionaries vs.bilingual dictionaries Monolingual dictionaries are written in one language, while bilingual dictionaries are written in two languages

Compounding is a process of word formation by which two independent words are put together to make one word. The word formed in this way is c a lled co mpo und

Conversion Conversion is main type of word- formation assigning the base to a different word class with no change of form. For example, the verb release is converted to the noun release

Conceptual Meaning Conceptual Meaning sometimes called denotative\ or cognitive\ meaning) is widely assumed to be the central factor in linguistic communication

信息技术正新月异地迅猛发展,功能强大的计算机、各种各样的 工作站、迅速兴起的因特网设备在世界的普及,把人类推向了崭新的信 息时代。计算机技术的发展从根本上体现在件技术的史新换代方面, 不管功能多么强大的软件系统,如果没有相应的硬件设备支持,都无法 发挥其应有的作用。应该承认,电子与计算机技术的飞速发展,涌现了 大量的新概念和新词汇

1.C++语言的字符集、词汇 2.基本数据类型、运算符与表达式 3.C++中的常量与变量 4.C++中的I/O 5.基本控制结构 6.数组、结构体、共用体与枚举类型

- 1 - a art.一(个)；每一(个)；(同类事物中)任一个 abandon vt.离弃，丢弃；遗弃，抛弃；放弃 abdomen n.腹，下腹(胸部到腿部的部分) abide vi.(abode，abided)(by)遵守；坚持 ability n.能力；本领；才能，才干；专门技能，天资 able a.有(能力、时间、知识等)做某事，有本事的 abnormal a.反常的，不正常的，不规则的 aboard ad.&prep.在船(飞机、车)上；ad.上船(飞机) abolish vt.废除(法律、习惯等)；取消 abound vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于 about ad.在周围；大约 prep.关于；在周围 a.准备 above a.上述的 ad.在上面 prep.在..之上，高于 abroad ad.到国外，在国外；在传播，在流传 abrupt a.突然的，出其不意的；(行为等)粗鲁无礼的 absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席，不在；缺席的时间 absent a.缺席的；缺乏的,不存在的;心不在焉的 absolute a.绝对的，完全的；