CONTENT Definition Etiology and clinical appearance Accompanied symptoms Approach to the patient

一、概念 二、人体分部 三、下肢局部解剖学(一) 四、下肢操作要点

一、上肢概述 二、上肢轴线及提携角

Auscultation normal breath sound vesicular breath sound bronchial breath sound bronchovesicular breath sound

CONTENT Definition of hematuria Etiology Clinical feature Differential diagnosis Laboratory tests Accompanied symptoms

Respiratory Function Test Spirolmetry Airway resistance compliance Diffusion capacity measure CO Exercise respiratory function test

Definition Peptic Ulcer Disease is defined as an ulcer occurring in a region that touches gastric aci d(胃酸) and pepsin(胃蛋白酶) and usually refers to gastric ulcer(胃溃疡) or duodenal ulcer (十二指肠溃疡)

Mechanism Blood velocity1 Blood vascosity Valve: narrowed or incompetent; organic or relative Abnormal connection Vibration of loose structure Diameter of vessel ^or

Definition: Palpitation may be defined as an awareness of the beating of the heart, an awareness most commonly brought about by change in the heart's rhythm or rate or by an augmentation of its contractility

IMPORTANTCE! Despite recent advances in neuroscience and the continuing development of sensitive diagnostic procedures, the essential skill required for the diagnosis remains the clinical neurologic examination Most neurologic diagnosis can be made on the basis of the history alone