SOLUTIONS TO TEXT PROBLEMS 19.1 (b) The four carbon atoms of crotonic acid form continuous chain. Because there is a double bond between C-2 and C-3, crotonic acid is one of the stereoisomers of 2-butenoic acid. The chem

SOLUTIONS TO TEXT PROBLEMS 21.1 Ethyl benz emuale cannor undergo the Claisen condensation, beca use it has no protons on its a- t has ho ts a-carbon on its a- atom and so cannot form an enolate Ethyl pentanoate and ethyl phenylacetate can undergo the Claisen condensation

Chlorotoluene Benzyl chloride Of this group only benzyl chloride is not an aryl halide; its halogen is not attached to the aromatic ring but to an sp-hybridized carbon. Benzyl chloride has the weakest carbon-halogen bond, its measured carbon-chlorine bond dissociation energy being only 293 kJ/mol (70 kcal/mol). Homolytic cleavage of this bond produces a resonance-stabilized benzyl radical

Look at the drawing from a perspective that permits you to see the carbon chain oriented ver tically with the aldehyde at the top and the Ch,oh at the bottom. Both groups should point away from you. When examined from this perspective, the hydrogen is to the left and the hydroxyl to the right with both pointing toward you

The order of decreasing sequence rule precedence is H,N->HSCH2->-Co2\>H- When the molecule is oriented so that the lowest ranked substituent () is held away from us, the order of decreasing precedence traces clockwise path CH,SH Clockwise;thereforeR The reason why L-cysteine has the configuration while all the other L-amino acids have the S configuration lies in the fact that the-CHSH substituent is the only side chain that

CONTENTS Preface xxv INTRODUCTION he Origins of Organic Chemistry 1 Berzelius, Wohler. and vitalism 1 The Structural Theory 3 Electronic Theories of Structure and Reactivity 3

一、果蔬的化学成分及与加工的关系果蔬的化学成分十分复杂,按在水中的溶解性质可分为两大类: (1)水溶性成分:糖类、果胶、有机酸、单宁物质、水溶性维生素、酶、部分含氮物质、部分矿物质等

一、概述 1、概念:构成生物体的元素,已知有五十多种,除去C、H、O、N四种构成水分和有机物质的元素外,其它元素统称为矿物质。 2、功能 (1)是构成生物体的组成部分

企业文化是以企业在长期生产经营过程中逐步形成与发展的、带有本企业特征的企业经营哲学,即价值观 念和思维方式为核心所生成外化的企业行为规范、道德准则、风俗习惯和传统的有机统一。它可以分为 企业精神文化、企业制度行为文化和企业形象物质文化三大层次。企业文化的核心是企业精神文化即它的 价值观念、思维方式

一、完成下列各反应式(总计21分) 1、h3)2CCH2-ch=c2s℃()