Electric Polarization p Bound Charges Gauss Law Electric Displacemant D

一、理解热力学第二定律的实质及其数学表达式。 理解热力学函数熵(S)、 Helmholtz函数(A)以及 Gibbs函数(G)的概念和意义,并掌握它们改变量 的计算方法。 二、掌握热力学第三定律实质。 三、根据条件,灵活应用S、△A和△G来判断过程 进行的方向与限度。 四、掌握热力学函数之间的关系、热力学基本方程、 偏微商变换方法及特定条件下相应热力学关系式的应用。 • §3.1 卡诺循环 • §3.2 热力学第二定律 • §3.3 熵，熵增原理 • §3.4 单纯pVT变化熵变的计算 • §3.5 相变化的熵变 • §3.6 热力学第三定律和化学变化过程熵变的计算 • §3.7 亥姆霍兹函数和吉布斯函数 • §3.8 热力学基本方程 • §3.9 克拉佩龙方程 • §3.10 吉布斯-亥姆霍兹方程和麦克斯韦关系式

一、选择和效用理论 效用( utility) 主观心理感受:因人、因地、因时而异 客观 口边际效用(marginal utility 边际效用递减规律 (law of diminishing marginal utility) 定义 原因 总效用和边际效用的关系 序数效用论与基数效用论 (ordinal utility and cardinal utility)

§ 3.1 准静态过程 § 3.2 功 § 3.3内能、热量、热力学第一定律 § 3.4 热容量 § 3.5绝热过程 § 3.6 循环过程 § 3.7 卡诺循环

Contents Introduction About Bacteria Food Poisoning&it' 's Prevention Personal Hygiene Food Premises Cleaning Disinfection The Law&it 's' Enforcement Multiple Choice Test

Civil rights all rights rooted in the Fourteenth Amendments guarantee of equal protection under the law what the government must do to ensure equal protection what the government must do to ensure freedom from discrimination

1. Integrability Demand function x(p, w)(c d ) is HDO, satisfied walras law and have a substitution matriX S(p, w) is s n.s.d. for any (p, w), if it's deduced by rational preference And if we observed an x(p, w)satisfied such conditions, can we find a preference to rationalization x(p w ) That the integrability problem

Briefing Summary US Navy Acquisition Process Overview F/A-18 Aircraft Overview Flight Control Law Software Upgrade Program Requirements Constraints and Challenges Results

The Law of Total Probability is handy tool for breaking down the computation of a prob- ability into distinct cases. More precisely, suppose we are interested in the probability of an event E: Pr(). Suppose also that the random experiment can evolve in two different ways; that is, two different cases X and X are possible. Suppose also that it is easy to find the probability of each

(一)界定 两个或两个以上国家的法律竞相调整同一法律关系而致的矛盾。 (二)种类 (三)产生原因 (四)解决办法