《改变生活的生物技术》课程教学资源（阅读材料）RNA 干扰技术

6. 1 基因表达研究技术 6. 2 基因敲除技术 6. 3 蛋白质及RNA相互作用技术 6. 4 基因芯片及数据分析 6. 5 其它分子生物学技术

一、基因表达的概念 1、基因（gene）：从遗传学讲，基因就是遗传的基本单位或单元，具有编码RNA或多数情况下编码多肽功能的信息单位。从分子生物学看，基因是负载特定遗传信息的DNA分子片段

The nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic (DNA) and ribonucleic (RNA) , are, respectively , the molecules that preserve here￾ditary information and that transcribe and translate it in a way that allows the synthesis of all the varied proteins of the cell 25.2 NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEOSIDES

1. What are the gene expression stages that can be regulated? (10 points) Regulated stages in gene expression: (1) transcription initiation (the most important stage): RNAP binding of the promoter, transition from the closed complex to the open complex; promoter escape 4’ (2) stages after initiation (elongation and termination) 2’ (3) RNA processing (alternative splicing) in eukaryotes 2’ (4) translation 2’

1. RNA polymerase and transcription cycle 2. The transcription cycle in bacteria 3. Transcription in eukaryotes •Molecular Biology Course

Your answer should describe what each item is and how it functions in the cell. Diagrams, structure and sequence information should be included in your answer, as necessary. 1. Yeast artificial chromosome 2. RNA interference 3. Proteomics

一、基因表达的概念 1、基因（gene）：从遗传学讲，基因就是遗传的基本单位或单元，具有编码RNA或多数情况下编码多肽功能的信息单位。从分子生物学看，基因是负载特定遗传信息的DNA分子片段

一、反（无）意义链（antisense strand）：作为RNA合成模板的DNA链，方向3'→5' 二、有意义链（sense strand）：与反意义链互补、与转录产物如mRNA的序列相同的DNA链叫有意义链，方向5'→3

一、核苷酸的主要生理功能： ①合成DNA、RNA的原料，这是体内核苷酸最重要的功能。 ②生物体的直接供能物质：ATP、GTP、UTP、CTP等。主要为ATP ③某些核苷酸的衍生物是多种生物合成过程的活性中间物质:UDP—葡萄糖是糖原合成的活性中间物质．CDP—甘油二酯是甘油磷酸酯合成的中间活性物质等