“化学是中心科学，在生物学和医学 中发生的每一件事都有它的化学基础。如 果你没有化学的思维，你就无法设计许多 实验。如果你不能制造分子，那么就会有 整个层次的实验被排除在你的思考之外”。 这是一种跨学科讨论的精神。位于美国南 加州的斯克利普斯研究所和加州大学、纽 约市的洛克菲勒大学以及伯克利的加州大 学都在进行着卓有成效的化学—生物学跨 学科研究

Staudinger(施陶丁格):高分子科学的奠基人 一、1920年发表论文“聚合反应”(德国化学会通讯) 二、1930年高分子学说逐渐被接受 三、突破有机化学的传统观念,首先提出了高分子观念

First order overall (一级反应) The reaction is a unimolecular nucleophilic substitution（单分子亲核取代反应）

Before 1951 only relative configurations of chiral molecules were known. Configurations of chiral molecules were related to each other through reactions of known stereochemistry. The standard compound was glyceraldehyde

An equimolar mixture of two enantiomers is called a racemic form (either a racemate or a racemic mixture). A racemic form shows no rotation of plane￾polarized light

Isomers are different compounds that have the same molecular formula. Constitutional isomers are isomers that differ because their atoms are connected in a different order. Stereoisomers differ only in arrangement of their atoms in space.Stereoisomers are not constitutional isomers. Enantiomers are stereoisomers whose molecules are nonsuperposable mirror images of each other. Diastereomer are stereoisomers whose molecules are not mirror images of each other

Chapter 1: Plasmids and Their Usefulness in Molecular Cloning Chapter 2: Bacteriophage and Its Vectors Chapter 3: Working with Bacteriophage M13 Vectors Chapter 4: Working with High-Capacity Vectors Chapter 5: Gel Electrophoresis of DNA and Pulsed-Field Agarose Chapter 6: Preparation and Analysis of Eukaryotic Genomic DNA Chapter 7: Extraction, Purification, and Analysis of mRNA from Eukaryotic Cells Chapter 8: In Vitro Amplification of DNA by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Chapter 9: Preparation of Radiolabeled DNA and RNA Probes Chapter 10: Working with Synthetic Oligonucleotide Probes Chapter 11: Preparation of cDNA Libraries and Gene Identification Chapter 12: DNA Sequencing Chapter 13: Mutagenesis Chapter 14: Screening Expression Libraries Chapter 15: Expression of Cloned Genes in Escherichia coli Chapter 16: Introducing Cloned Genes into Cultured Mammalian Cells Chapter 17: Analysis of Gene Expression in Cultured Mammalian Cells Chapter 18: Protein Interaction Technologies

一、概述 二、物理吸附(physisorption)与 化学吸附(chemisorption) 三、吸附位能曲线 四、化学吸附的分子轨道图 五、吸附态和吸附化学键 六、吸附粒子在表面上的运动 七、溢流效应 (spillover effect) 八、吸附热 九、吸附速率和脱附速率 十、吸附平衡

第一节 DNA作为主要遗传物质的证据 第二节 核酸的化学结构 第三节 染色体的分子结构 第四节 DNA的复制 第五节 RNA的转录及加工 第六节 遗传密码与蛋白质的翻译

第一节 凝胶电泳技术 第二节 分子杂交技术 第三节 PCR技术 第四节 生物芯片 第五节 基因文库构建 第六节 酵母双杂交系统 第七节 DNA测序