General Aspects Ecology – Found throughout the environment Very simple nutritional requirements – Not usually in normal flora unless hospitalized or immunocompromised

《金陵科技学院学报》：中国安息香属植物的形态特征及自然地理分布

Diversity of species Ecology – Found worldwide in soil, water, vegetation, and microbial flora of animals and humans – Some are always associated with disease

Comparison of Meningococcus and Gonococcus Pathobiology Similarities: – Both diploccocci – Share about 80% DNA – Neither makes exotoxin; both make endotoxin – Both are relatively good colonizers

Staphylococci Important human pathogen – Causes both relatively minor and serious diseases One of the hardiest of the non￾sporeforming bacteria – Can exist on dry surfaces for a long period – Relatively heat-resistant; temperature range

Production of Ab and Activation of Macrophages and Cytotoxic T Cells T-Dependent T-Independent

Definition – Soluble substances that alter normal metabolism of host cells with deleterious effects on the host Host range – Known for bacteria, but possible that they play a role in diseases caused by fungi

一、实验目的 1. 了解生物化学中典型的血红蛋白的性质和结构以及结合在蛋白上的辅基的作用。 2. 学习一种生物无机生化科研中常用的为金属酶和蛋白质代换金属离子的方法。 3. 学习快速扫描分光光度计的使用及紫外可见吸收光谱的应用

真核微生物（Eukarya） 又称真细菌（eubacteria），包括普通细菌、放线菌、蓝细菌、 枝原体、立克次氏体和衣原体等 古生菌在进化谱系上与真细菌及真核生物相互并列，且与后者关系 更近，而其细胞构造却与真细菌较为接近，同属于原核生物

生物统计学：《生物统计附试验设计》课程教材（第三版）附录 常用生物统计方法的SAS程序