The Data of macroeconomics * Measure of economic activity Gross Domestic Product(GDP) Total expenditure on domestically-produced final goods and services Total income earned by domestically located factors of production

Economics Studies human behavior Uncertainty ** It depends...*** on what?--- factors Why?--- intuitions How?--- logic Conclusions?

Microeconomics behind Macroeconomics Consumption Investment Money and Advances in business cycle model

Interest-Rate Differentials Country risk&ex -rate- expectations Country risk Political upheaval default on loan repayments higher i-rate to compensate Ex-rate expectations expect RMB to appreciate loans in RMB can pay a lower i-rate

The Open Economy in the SR The Mundell-Fleming Model Model under floating ex-rate Model under fixed ex-rate Interest-rate- differentials Debate over floating v.s. fixed ex-rate Mundell-Fleming model with changing price level Model in large open economy

The Open Economy Why do countries trade with each other? \No nation was ever ruined by trade.\ -- Benjamin Franklin More varieties; higher quality; cheaper price

Definition Inflation The overall increase in prices Hyperinflation: extraordinary high inflation

Questions from Last Lecture Demand for money↑ =)=l ,Y) ↑ while fixed →l(r,y: hold& to balance the pressure ofd↑; hold,↑ to balance

The money market LM curve The theory of liquidity preference

How the sr and lr differ In the Lr, prices are flexible and can respond to changes in S or D. In the Sr many prices are stuck at some predetermined level In the sr, monetary policy does have a potent effect on output and employment