Cardiovascular Problems Associated with Space FlightOrthostatic Intolerance upon Re-entry

Raphan T, Matsuo V, Cohen B (1979). Velocity storage in the vestibulo-ocular reflex arc (VOR). Experimental Brain Research 35:229-248. Henn V, Cohen B, Young LR (1980). Visual-vestibular interaction in motion perception and the generation of nystagmus

In weightlessness, “down” cues from the inner ear otolith organs are absent. Astronauts are thought to rely more heavily on vision. Many astronauts perceive a “subjective vertical”. When it changes direction, it can cause disorientation and motion sickness

The Potential New Rx “Spin in the Gym” “Prescribed AG Dosage” “AG Sleeper

orientation of the vehicle is described in engineering t gular and linear position, velocity, acceleration, and often other factors. Engineers are tly confronted with

Musculoskeletal Dynamics Grant Schaffner

Early Ideas about Muscular Contraction Hippocrates thought that the tendons caused the body to move (he confused tendons with nerves, and in fact used the same word, neuron, for both)

Principal Aim To assess the strength changes, and associated change in fracture risk, due to structural alterations in the proximal femora of astronauts experiencing long￾term weightlessness

Thematic Analysis: Outside Communications Receive Replacement Personnel or Visitors Receive Information F rom Outside Receive Mail or Fax From Friends or Family I Write, Fax, or Telephone t o Friends or Family

Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support Mars Reference Mission