Factors of Production Factors of production are the inputs used to produce goods and services

一、自然失业率: 二、含义 三、产生原因 四、理解其在现实生活中的表现

Do the equilibrium price and quantity maximize the total welfare of buyers and sellers? Market equilibrium reflects the way markets allocate scarce resources. Whether the market allocation is desirable is determined by welfare economics

Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. Interdependence and Trade Consider your typical day: You wake up to an alarm clock made in Korea. You pour yourself some orange juice made from oranges grown in Florida. You put on some clothes made of cotton grown in Georgia and sewn in factories in Thailand. You watch the morning news broadcast from New York on your TV made in Japan

The Market Forces of Supply and Demand Supply and demand are the two words that economists use most often. Supply and demand are the forces that make market economies work. Modern microeconomics is about supply, demand, and market equilibrium

Market Efficiency - Market Failures Recall that: Adam Smith’s “invisible hand” of the marketplace leads self￾interested buyers and sellers in a market to maximize the total benefit that society can derive from a market

“The best things in life are free. . . ” Free goods provide a special challenge for economic analysis Most goods in our economy are allocated in markets… …for these goods, prices are the signals that guide the decisions of buyers and sellers

The Law of Supply: uFirms are willing to produce and sell a greater quantity of a good when the price of the good is high. uThis results in a supply curve that slopes upward

Ten Principles of Economics Thinking Like an Economist Interdependence and the Gains from Trade The Market Forces of Supply and Demand Elasticity and Its Application Supply, Demand and Government Policies Consumers, Producers, and the Efficiency of Markets Application: The Costs of Taxation Application: International Trade Externalities Public Goods and Common Resources The Costs of Production Firms in Competitive Markets Monopoly Oligopoly Monopolistic Competition The Economics of Labor Markets

it must also allocate the output of goods and services that they produce. It must decide who will eat caviar and who will eat potatoes. It must decide who will drive a Porsche and who will take the bus. The management of society’s resources is important because resources are scarce. Scarcity means that society has limited