Carbon atoms have the ability to link together and form molecules made up of many carbon atoms. The branch of chemistry that is the study of carbon-containing compounds is known as organic chemistry(有机化学) 13 million known organic compounds and 100,000 new ones are added annually Only 200,000-300,000 known inorganic compounds

CHAPTER 1 Structure and Properties of Organic Compounds 1 CHAPTER 2 Bonding and Molecular Structure 13 CHAPTER 3 Chemical Reactivity and Organic Reactions 31 CHAPTER 4 Alkanes 50 CHAPTER 5 Stereochemistry 69 CHAPTER 6 Alkenes 87 CHAPTER 7 Alkyl Halides 118 CHAPTER 8 Alkynes and Dienes 140 CHAPTER 9 Cyclic Hydrocarbons 162 CHAPTER 10 Benzene and Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds 189 CHAPTER 11 Aromatic Substitution;Arenes 205 CHAPTER 12 Spectroscopy and Structure 230 CHAPTER 13 Alcohols and Thiols 256 CHAPTER 14 Ethers, Epoxides, Glycols, and Thioethers 278 CHAPTER 15 Carbonyl Compounds:Aldehydes and Ketones 302 CHAPTER 16 Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives 331 CHAPTER 17 Carbanion-Enolates and Enols 373 CHAPTER 18 Amines 400 CHAPTER 19 Phenolic Compounds 430 CHAPTER 20 Aromatic Heterocyclic Compounds 448

1 Atomic Orbital Theory 1 2 Bonds Between Adjacent Atoms: Localized Bonding, Molecular Orbital Theory 25 3 Delocalized (Multicenter) Bonding 54 4 Symmetry Operations, Symmetry Elements, and Applications 83 5 Classes of Hydrocarbons 110 6 Functional Groups: Classes of Organic Compounds 139 7 Molecular Structure Isomers, Stereochemistry, and Conformational Analysis 221 8 Synthetic Polymers 291 9 Organometallic Chemistry 343 10 Separation Techniques and Physical Properties 387 11 Fossil Fuels and Their Chemical Utilization 419 12 Thermodynamics, Acids and Bases, and Kinetics 450 13 Reactive Intermediates (Ions, Radicals, Radical Ions, Electron-Deficient Species, Arynes) 505 14 Types of Organic Reaction Mechanisms 535 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 591 16 Vibrational and Rotational Spectroscopy: Infrared, Microwave, and Raman Spectra 657 17 Mass Spectrometry 703 18 Electronic Spectroscopy and Photochemistry 725

14.1β一二炭基化合物结构、分类与命名 14.2丙二酸酯及其在有机合成中的应用 (Malonates and the Uses in Organic Synthesis) 14.3乙酰乙酸乙酯及其在有机合成中的应用 (Ethyl Acetoactate and the Use in Organic Synthesis) 14.4其他活泼亚甲基化合物 (Other Active Metylene Compounds) 14.5 Michael加成 14.6有机合成(0 rganic Synthesis) 14.7碳酸衍生物

he term \organic\ appears to have been used for the first time about 1777 and was applied to those materials occurring in or derived from living organisms. Accordingly, such substances as starch, alcohol, and urea were classified as organic. for starch is produced by living plants, alcohol is a product of fermentation caused by

1. Nutritional type of microbe? 1. 1 A distinction should be made between the Heterotrophic and autotrophic Organic compounds .2 Carbon source Carbon dioxide Organic molecule a1.3 Energy source Light or chemistry energy

Relevant Background Reading Chemistry 206 Advanced Organic Chemistry Lecture Number 28 Ambiphilic Functional Groups–3

Woodward-Hoffmann Theory R. B. Woodward and R. Hoffmann, The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1970. Frontier Molecular Orbital Theory I. Fleming, Frontier Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions

Carey, and Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part A fourth Edition, Chepter 13, \Photochemistry\, pp 743-789 \New insights into an old mechanism:

2.1 Introduction 2.2 Micro-organisms as catalysts of organic synthesis 2.3 Enzyme preparations versus whole cell processes 2.4 Scale of production 2.5 Modes of operation of bioprocesses 2.6 Biotechnological processes verses chemical synthetic processes