10.5 Genetic Recombination 10.6 Genetic Transformation 10.7 Transduction 10.8 Plasmids

Topic 1: THE CODE IS DEGENERATE Topic 2: THREE RULES GOVERN THE GENETIC CODE Topic 3: SUPPRESSOR MUTATIONS CAN RESIDE IN THE SAME OR A DIFFERENT GENE Topic 4: THE CODE IS NEARLY UNIVERSAL

Part Ⅰ Introductory Topics 1 Introduction 2 Crop Germplasm 3 Reproductive System 4 Male Sterility 5 Self-incompatibility 6 Techniques of Artificial Hybridization 7 Genetic Basis of Plant Breeding 8 Selection 9 Interspecific and Intergenertic Hybridization 10 Plant variety protection Part Ⅱ Methods of Conventional Breeding 11 Pure-Line Selection 12 Mass Selection 13 Pedigree Method 14 Bulk-population Method 15 Backcross Method 16 Recurrent Selection 17 Mutation Breeding 18 Polyploid Breeding 19 Disease Resistance Breeding 20 Insect Resistance Breeding 21 Drought Resistance and Salt Tolerance Part Ⅲ : In vitro plant breeding 22 Introduction 23 Micropropagation 24 Haploid Plant Production In Vitro 25 In Vitro Pollination and Fertilization 26 Somatic Hybridization Using Protoplast Technology 27 Cell Culture and Selection of Desirable Traits 28 Genetic Engineering 29 Molecular Plant Breeding

Although DNA replication, repair, homologous recombination occur with high fidelity to ensure the genome identity between generations, there are genetic processes that rearrange DNA sequences and thus lead to a more dynamic genome structure Two classes of genetic recombination for DNA rearrangement: • Conservative site-specific recombination (CSSR): recombination between two defined sequence elements • Transpositional recombination (Transposition): recombination between specific sequences and nonspecific DNA sites

10.6 Genetic recombination遗传重组 10.7 Transformation 10.8 Transduction 转导 10.9 Conjugation: Essential Features 10.10 The Formation of Hfr Strains and Chromosome Mobilization 10.11 Mobile DNA: Transposable Elements转座因子

重要的工具酶 基因克隆常用的载体 重组DNA基本原理 重组技术在医学和制药 工业中的应用

1. Genetic Counselors 2. Who Should See One 3. What to Expect During a Visit 4. After Counseling

5.1 Genetic polymorphism and phylogenetic tree 5.2 Construction of phylogenetic tree

1. Genetic Counselors 2. Who Should See One 3. What to Expect During a Visit 4. After Counseling

◼ All DNA is recombinant DNA. ◼ Genetic exchange works constantly to blend and rearrange chromosomes, most obviously during meiosis, when homologous chromosomes pair prior to the first nuclear division. ◼ During this pairing, genetic exchange between the chromosomes occurs. This exchange, classically termed crossing over, is one of the results of homologous recombination