Topic 1: THE CODE IS DEGENERATE Topic 2: THREE RULES GOVERN THE GENETIC CODE Topic 3: SUPPRESSOR MUTATIONS CAN RESIDE IN THE SAME OR A DIFFERENT GENE Topic 4: THE CODE IS NEARLY UNIVERSAL
Although DNA replication, repair, homologous recombination occur with high fidelity to ensure the genome identity between generations, there are genetic processes that rearrange DNA sequences and thus lead to a more dynamic genome structure Two classes of genetic recombination for DNA rearrangement: • Conservative site-specific recombination (CSSR): recombination between two defined sequence elements • Transpositional recombination (Transposition): recombination between specific sequences and nonspecific DNA sites
The American Board of Genetic Counseling was established in the early 1990s, and now various types of geneticists, including genetic counselors, medical geneticists, and basic human geneticists, can be certified