Carbodydrares: polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones or substances that hydrolyze to yield polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones. Monosaccharides: simple carbohydrates cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller simpler carbohydrates

Compounds having two carbonyl groups separated by an intervening carbon are called β-dicarbonyl compunds, and these compounds are highly versatile reagents for organic synthesis

1. How to find benzene? 2. Kekule(克库勒）was the first torecognize that these early aromaticcompounds all contain a six-carbonunit

1. Nomencature of alcohols CH3OH Methanol (methyl alcohol) CH3CH2OH Ethanol (ethyl alcohol)

12.1 Introduction Systems that have a p orbital on an atom adjacent to a double bond---molecules with delocalized pi￾bonds– are called conjugated unsaturated systems

§1.1 理想气体的状态方程 §1.2 理想气体混合物 §1.3 气体的液化及临界参数 §1.5 对应状态原理及普遍化压缩因子图

Outline 11.1 Nitrogenous Bases 11. The pentoses of nucleotides and na 11.3 Nucleosides are Formed by joining a Nitrogenous Base to a Sugar 11.4 Nucleotides -Nucleoside Phosphates 11.5 Nucleic Acids are Polynucleotides 11.6 Classes of nucleic acids 11.7 Hydrolysis of Nucleic acids

❖ biochemistry的概念 ❖ biochemistry研究任务和内容 ❖ biochemistry与有关科学的关系 ❖ Biochemistry 发展简史 ❖ Biochemistry的应用 ❖ biochemistry的学习方法

Outline 5.1 Proteins Linear Polymers of Amino acids 5.2 Architecture 5.3 Many Biological Functions 5.4 May be Conjugated with Other Groups 5.6 Purification 5.7 Primary Structure Determination 5.8 Consider the Nature of Sequences

Outline 4.1: Amino Acids: Building Blocks of Proteins 4.2: Acid-Base Chemistry of Amino Acids 4.3: Reactions of Amino Acids 4.4: Optical Activity and Stereochemistry of Amino Acids 4.5: Spectroscopic Properties of Amino Acids 4.6: Separation and Analysis of a.a. Mixtures