Controlling is the process whereby mana- gers monitor and regulate how efficiently and effectively an organization and its members are performing the activities nece- ssary to achieve organizational goals. 控制标准:实物,成本,资本,收益, 无形

REGULAR PATTERN OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT continuous process Different rate of development in various systems General pattern Individual variance Puberty13yr(F)/15yr(M)

Chapter 12 Time Series Analysis 12.1 Stochastic processes A stochastic process is a family of random variables {Xt,t ET}. Example{St,t 0, 1,2,...} where St i=o X; and iid(0,2). St has a different distribution at each point t

第一章VHDL的程序结构和软件操作 1-1 VHDL程序的基本结构 1-2软件操作—Max+plusⅡ的操作 第二章 VHDL语言要素 第三章 VHDL顺序语句 第四章 VHDL并行语句 4.1 并行语句概述 4.2 并行信号赋值语句 4.3 进程语句（process） 4.4 元件例化语句 4.5 生成语句（for-generate） 第五章 组合逻辑电路的设计和分析 5.1 概述 5.2 编码器 5.3 译码器 5.4 简单数字显示系统 5.5 其它 第六章 时序逻辑电路的设计和分析 6.2 触发器 6.3 计数器 6.4 分频器 6.5 寄存器 6.1 概述

What does Materials Science have to do with Microelectronic Processing? Need to understand DIfferences: metals, oxides and semiconductors Atomic bonding Oxidation rates, compound formation(GaAs)

Processes: gift of Slo2-Expose Si to steam = uniform insulating layer or metal film growth: high vacuum, single element Contrast with CVD: toxic, corrosive gas flowing through valves

Alternative materials and fabrication techniques Applications in biology and chemistry Applications in medicine A real MTL example of rapid prototyping

Why do we need metallization?- To connect devices electrically to each other and to the outside world; power and data Local interconnect doped polySi, silicides Packaging

CRYSTAL GROWTH step Crystal and questlons 1. Reactants In molten form 2. Transport to s/L Interface TAS Increases AH decreases

Rellablllty of semiconductor I CS plus spin-based electronics 6. 12J/3.155J Microelectronic processing Read Campbell, p. 425-428 and Ch. 20 Sec. 20.1, 20.2: Plummer, Sec. 11.5.6 IC reliability: Yield=( operating parts)/(total# produced) Particles on surface interrupt depositions, flaw devices