Let the initial voltages on the capacitors be represented as voltage sources in series with the capacitors and the initial currents through the inductors be represented as current sources in parallel with the inductors

As we know from the definition, intelligent or smart packaging monitors and gives information about the quality of the packed food. According to Huis in't give Veld (1996) the changes taking place in the fresh food product can be categorised as (i) microbiological growth and metabolism resulting in pH- changes, formation of toxic compounds off-odours, gas and slime formation

Interactions within a package system refer to the exchange of mass and energy between the packaged food, the packaging material and the external environment. Food-packaging interactions can be defined as an interplay between food, packaging, and the environment, which produces an effect on the food, and/or package (Hotchkiss, 1997). Mass transfer processes in packaging systems are normally referred to as permeation, migration and absorption(fig8.1). Permeation is the process resulting from two basic mechanisms

Food packaging is a still growing market As a consequence, the demand to re-use post-consumer packaging materials grows as well. Recycling of packaging materials plays an increasing role in packaging, and numerous applications can already be found on the market. Ten or twenty years ago most post-consumer packaging waste was going into landfill sites or to incineration

Dyspnea is defined as an awareness of difficulty in breathing It is therefore a symptom, usually described by the patient as \shortness of breath,\whether the sensation is due to actual difficulty in breathing or is essentially an awareness of hyperventilation. If the symptom becomes striking, it always companies with dilatation of nares, cyanosis, use of accessory muscles of respiration and abnormalities of respiratory rate, depth or rhythm

Definition: Dyspnea is defined as an awareness of difficulty in breathing It is therefore a symptom, usually described by the patient as \short of breath,\ whether the sensation is due to actual difficulty in breathing or is essentially an awareness of hyperventilation. If the symptom becomes striking, it always companies with dilatation of nares, cyanosis, use of accessory muscles of respiration and abnormalities of respiratory rate, depth or rhythm

20.1 () Carboxylic aci id anhydrides bear two acyl groups on oxygen, as in RCOCR. They are named as derivatives of carboxylic acids. Q CH:CH2CHCOH CH,CH,CHCOCCHCH_CH3 C6H C. C. 2-Phenylbutanoic acid 2-Phenylbutanoic anhydride (c) Butyl 2-phenylbutanoate is the butyl ester of 2-phenylbutanoic acid. CH,CH,CHCOCH,CH,CH2CH

SOLUTIONS TO TEXT PROBLEMS 8.1 Identify the nucleophilic anion in each reactant. The nucleophilic anion replaces bromine as a sub- stituent on carbon. (b) Potassium ethoxide serves as a source of the nucleophilic anion CH,CH,. CH,CH,: CH, Br: CH3CH2OCH3 + Br: Ethoxide ion Methyl bromide Ethyl methyl ether Bromide ion

Consumers are the centre of product development in the food industry, directly in the design of consumer products and indirectly in the design of commodity products and industrial products. In industrial product development, the emphasis is on the immediate customer, but consideration needs to be given to the acceptance of the final product by the consumer. It is important in product development to understand basic consumer behaviour and food choice as well as the individual product/consumer relationship(Earle, 1997). Differences among

1适用范围 本方法适用于饮用水、地下水、地表水中浓度在ug/~10ug/L的砷(包含有机砷)的 测定。 2原理概要 本方法是利用原子吸收测定砷化三氢热分解产生的砷。在本法的条件下,只有As() 被定量的转化为氢化物。为了避免误差,在测定前,其它氧化态均要转化成As()。砷与 四氢硼酸钠在盐酸介质下反应被还原为气态的砷化三氢。在193.7nm处测定吸光度