The principle of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was first reported in 1971 (Kleppe et al., 1971), but it was only after the dis￾covery of the thermostable Taq DNA polymerase (Saiki et al., 1988; Lawyer et al., 1989) that this technology became easy to use

troduce different notations. Some consider “NTP” a general term for deoxynucleotides, but the absence of the letter “d” indicates a ribonucleotide to others. Commercial literature also describes ribonucleotides as “RTP’s.” If the letter “d” is present, the name describes a deoxynucleotide. If “d” is absent, check the literature

What Do You Know About Your Target? The sensitivity needs of your system are primarily determined by the abundance of your target, which can be approximated according to its origin. Plasmids, cosmids, phagemids as colony lifts or dot blots, and PCR products are usually intermediate to high-abundance targets. Genomic DNA is considered an intermediate to low-abundance target. Most prokaryotic genes are present as single copies, while genes from higher eukaryotes

Air Buoyancy Akin to water keeping something afloat, samples can be “lifted” by air, artificially decreasing their apparent weight. This air buoy￾ancy can have a significant effect on smaller samples. Electrostatic Forces Electrostatic charges are almost always present in any environ￾ment, particularly in areas with very low humidity. If there are

This book celebrates the importance of the question; it is not meant to be a collection of facts or procedures. The writing of this book was inspired by 16 years of queries from the research community.The con￾tributors and I have tried to meet two primary objectives:

Over the past decade the variety of hosts and vector systems for recombinant protein expression has increased dramatically. Researchers now select from among mammalian, insect, yeast, and prokaryotic hosts, and the number of vectors available for use in these organisms continues to grow

第一节 PCR扩增仪 第二节 全自动DNA测序仪 第三节 核酸自动化提取系统 第四节 蛋白质测序仪

What Are the Symptoms of Acrylamide Poisoning? The initial symptoms of acrylamide poisoning on the skin are peeling of the skin at the point of contact, followed by tingling and numbness in the exposed area. If exposure by any means (touch, ingestion, inhalation) continues, muscular weakness, difficulty maintaining balance

一、构成性转录因子SP1对持家基因的调控作用 1、Housekeeping （constitutive）genes （持家 基因） : 细胞内的蛋白质编码基因，维持细胞的基 本过程。 2、 SP1结合于保守性序列GGGCGG的GC丰富 序列，该序列位于许多持家基因的启动子中。 3、 SP1含有: 3 zinc finger motifs which bind to GC-rich sequance , 2个 glutamine-rich domains interact with TAFII110 of TFII D

一、植物生理学的定义和研究内容 二、植物生理与农业的关系 三、植物生理学的发展趋势 四、植物生理学和分子生物学的关系