Microbial pathogenesis—process of causing disease Colonization—presence of microbes at site of body – Does not imply tissue damage or disease symptoms – Does imply invasion of site and multiplication

American Legion Convention in 1976 in Philadelphia hotel – Respiratory distress and fever – 200 affected – 34 died

General Aspects Ecology – Found throughout the environment Very simple nutritional requirements – Not usually in normal flora unless hospitalized or immunocompromised

Diversity of species Ecology – Found worldwide in soil, water, vegetation, and microbial flora of animals and humans – Some are always associated with disease

Comparison of Meningococcus and Gonococcus Pathobiology Similarities: – Both diploccocci – Share about 80% DNA – Neither makes exotoxin; both make endotoxin – Both are relatively good colonizers

Staphylococci Important human pathogen – Causes both relatively minor and serious diseases One of the hardiest of the non￾sporeforming bacteria – Can exist on dry surfaces for a long period – Relatively heat-resistant; temperature range

Production of Ab and Activation of Macrophages and Cytotoxic T Cells T-Dependent T-Independent

第一节 基本概念与原理 Basic Conceptions and Principle 第二节 原核基因转录调节 Regulation of Prokaryotic Gene Transcription 第三节 真核基因转录调节 Regulation of Eukaryotic Gene Transcription

Definition – Soluble substances that alter normal metabolism of host cells with deleterious effects on the host Host range – Known for bacteria, but possible that they play a role in diseases caused by fungi

一、蛋白质的水解 二、氨基酸的分类 三、氨基酸的理化性质